Python使用filetype精确判断文件类型

filetype.py

Small and dependency free Python package to infer file type and MIME type checking the  magic numbers signature of a file or buffer.

This is a Python port from filetype Go package. Works in Python  +3 .

一个小巧自由开放Python开发包，主要用来获得文件类型。包要求Python 3.+

功能特色

•简单友好的API
•支持宽范围文件类型
•提供文件扩展名和MIME类型判断
•文件的MIME类型扩展新增
•通过文件（图像、视频、音频…）简单分析
•可插拔：添加新的自定义类型的匹配
•快，即使处理大文件
•只需要前261个字节表示的最大文件头，这样你就可以通过一个单字节
•依赖自由（只是Python代码，没有C的扩展，没有libmagic绑定）
•跨平台文件识别

安装

pip install filetype

API

详情请查看 annotated API reference .

实例

简单的文件类型识别

import filetype
 
def main():
 kind = filetype.guess('tests/fixtures/sample.jpg')
 if kind is None:
  print('Cannot guess file type!')
  return
 
 print('File extension: %s' % kind.extension)
 print('File MIME type: %s' % kind.mime)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

支持类型

图片

• jpg  ?  image/jpeg
• png  ?  image/png
• gif  ?  image/gif
• webp  ?  image/webp
• cr2  ?  image/x-canon-cr2
• tif  ?  image/tiff
• bmp  ?  image/bmp
• jxr  ?  image/vnd.ms-photo
• psd  ?  image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
• ico  ?  image/x-icon

视频

• mp4  ?  video/mp4
• m4v  ?  video/x-m4v
• mkv  ?  video/x-matroska
• webm  ?  video/webm
• mov  ?  video/quicktime
• avi  ?  video/x-msvideo
• wmv  ?  video/x-ms-wmv
• mpg  ?  video/mpeg
• flv  ?  video/x-flv

音频

• mid  ?  audio/midi
• mp3  ?  audio/mpeg
• m4a  ?  audio/m4a
• ogg  ?  audio/ogg
• flac  ?  audio/x-flac
• wav  ?  audio/x-wav
• amr  ?  audio/amr

资料库

• epub  ?  application/epub+zip
• zip  ?  application/zip
• tar  ?  application/x-tar
• rar  ?  application/x-rar-compressed
• gz  ?  application/gzip
• bz2  ?  application/x-bzip2
• 7z  ?  application/x-7z-compressed
• xz  ?  application/x-xz
• pdf  ?  application/pdf
• exe  ?  application/x-msdownload
• swf  ?  application/x-shockwave-flash
• rtf  ?  application/rtf
• eot  ?  application/octet-stream
• ps  ?  application/postscript
• sqlite  ?  application/x-sqlite3
• nes  ?  application/x-nintendo-nes-rom
• crx  ?  application/x-google-chrome-extension
• cab  ?  application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed
• deb  ?  application/x-deb
• ar  ?  application/x-unix-archive
• Z  ?  application/x-compress
• lz  ?  application/x-lzip

字体

• woff  ?  application/font-woff
• woff2  ?  application/font-woff
• ttf  ?  application/font-sfnt
• otf  ?  application/font-sfnt

基准测试

使用链接中的文件进行测试，你可以点击获得到它： real files .

Environment: OSX x64 i7 2.7 Ghz
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ benchmark: 7 tests ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns)                       Min                     Max                   Mean                StdDev                 Median                   IQR            Outliers(*)  Rounds  Iterations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_infer_image_from_bytes        357.6279 (1.0)       29,166.5395 (1.0)       1,642.3360 (1.0)        380.9934 (1.0)       1,509.9843 (1.0)        158.9457 (1.0)       9095;13752  102301           6
test_infer_audio_from_bytes        953.6743 (2.67)      96,082.6874 (3.29)     16,534.5880 (10.07)    3,002.1143 (7.88)     15,974.0448 (10.58)      953.6743 (6.00)       4514;6051   41528           1
test_infer_video_from_bytes     13,828.2776 (38.67)    272,989.2731 (9.36)     16,151.3144 (9.83)     3,361.2320 (8.82)     15,020.3705 (9.95)       953.6743 (6.00)       2522;2887   22193           1
test_infer_image_from_disk      15,974.0448 (44.67)    108,957.2906 (3.74)     18,621.0844 (11.34)    3,895.4441 (10.22)    17,166.1377 (11.37)    1,192.0929 (7.50)       1528;1804   10206           1
test_infer_video_from_disk      23,841.8579 (66.67)    229,120.2545 (7.86)     28,691.3476 (17.47)    6,242.9901 (16.39)    25,987.6251 (17.21)    4,053.1158 (25.50)      1987;1247   15651           1
test_infer_zip_from_disk        26,941.2994 (75.33)    230,073.9288 (7.89)     32,123.3861 (19.56)    7,524.4988 (19.75)    29,087.0667 (19.26)    4,768.3716 (30.00)      1349;1292   16132           1
test_infer_tar_from_disk        33,855.4382 (94.67)    164,031.9824 (5.62)     36,884.4401 (22.46)    4,489.4443 (11.78)    36,001.2054 (23.84)      953.6743 (6.00)       1036;1828   14666           1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------