Python中使用tkFileDialog实现文件选择、保存和路径选择

目录

• 使用tkFileDialog实现文件选择、保存和路径选择
  • 概述
  • 示例
• ImportError: No module named 'tkFileDialog'问题
  • 原因
  • 验证
  • 解决方法

使用tkFileDialog实现文件选择、保存和路径选择

概述

看了下Tkinter的文档,对于Pop-up dialog有三类,现在用到的是tkFileDialog

tkFileDialog有三种形式：

• 一个是：askopenfilename(option=value, …) 这个是”打开”对话框
• 一个是：asksaveasfilename(option=value, …) 这个是另存为对话框
• 另一个是：askdirectory()这个是路径选择对话框

option参数如下：

• defaultextension = s 默认文件的扩展名
• filetypes = [(label1, pattern1), (label2, pattern2), …] 设置文件类型下拉菜单里的的选项
• initialdir = D 对话框中默认的路径
• initialfile = F 对话框中初始化显示的文件名
• parent = W 父对话框(由哪个窗口弹出就在哪个上端)
• title = T 弹出对话框的标题

如果选中文件的话,确认后会显示文件的完整路径,否则单击取消的话会返回空字符串

示例

#coding=UTF-8    
import Tkinter, Tkconstants, tkFileDialog  
class TkFileDialogExample(Tkinter.Frame):  

    def __init__(self, root):  
        Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self, root)  
        # options for buttons  
        button_opt = {'fill': Tkconstants.BOTH, 'padx': 5, 'pady': 5}  

        # define buttons  
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfile', command=self.askopenfile).pack(**button_opt)  
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfilename', command=self.askopenfilename).pack(**button_opt)  
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfile', command=self.asksaveasfile).pack(**button_opt)  
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfilename', command=self.asksaveasfilename).pack(**button_opt)  
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='askdirectory', command=self.askdirectory).pack(**button_opt)  

        # define options for opening or saving a file  
        self.file_opt = options = {}  
        options['defaultextension'] = '.txt'  
        options['filetypes'] = [('all files', '.*'), ('text files', '.txt')]  
        options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'  
        options['initialfile'] = 'myfile.txt'  
        options['parent'] = root  
        options['title'] = 'This is a title'  

        # This is only available on the Macintosh, and only when Navigation Services are installed.  
        #options['message'] = 'message'  

        # if you use the multiple file version of the module functions this option is set automatically.  
        #options['multiple'] = 1  

        # defining options for opening a directory  
        self.dir_opt = options = {}  
        options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'  
        options['mustexist'] = False  
        options['parent'] = root  
        options['title'] = 'This is a title'  

    def askopenfile(self):  

        """Returns an opened file in read mode."""  

        return tkFileDialog.askopenfile(mode='r', **self.file_opt)  

    def askopenfilename(self):  

        """Returns an opened file in read mode. 
        This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code. 
        """  

        # get filename  
        filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(**self.file_opt)  

        # open file on your own  
        if filename:  
            return open(filename, 'r')  

    def asksaveasfile(self):  

        """Returns an opened file in write mode."""  

        return tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(mode='w', **self.file_opt)  

    def asksaveasfilename(self):  

        """Returns an opened file in write mode. 
        This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code. 
        """  

        # get filename  
        filename = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename(**self.file_opt)  

        # open file on your own  
        if filename:  
            return open(filename, 'w')  

    def askdirectory(self):  

        """Returns a selected directoryname."""  

        return tkFileDialog.askdirectory(**self.dir_opt)  

if __name__ == '__main__':  
    root = Tkinter.Tk()  
    TkFileDialogExample(root).pack()  
    root.mainloop()

ImportError: No module named 'tkFileDialog'问题

原因

python2和pyton3的版本问题。python3之后的版本自带有tkinter.

验证

• import _tkinter
• import tkinter
• tkinter._test()

在python3中输入以上命令进行验证。

解决方法

Python2中应该写成  

from tkFileDialog import askdirectory

python3中应该写成  

from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory

tkColorChooser ------------>tkinter.colorchooser
tkCommonDialog --------------->tkinter.commondialog   

其他的可以类推。