PHP设计模式之原型设计模式原理与用法分析

本文实例讲述了PHP设计模式之原型设计模式原理与用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

一、什么是原型设计模式

原型设计模式使用一种克隆技术来复制实例化的对象，新对象是通过复制原型实例创建的。原型设计模式的目的是通过使用克隆以减少

实例化对象的开销。

在原型设计模式中，Client类是不可缺少的一部分。

PHP有一个内置的克隆方法__clone()可以在设计模式中使用，但是不能直接访问，使用clone关键字即可。克隆不会启动构造函数。

二、什么时候使用原型设计模式

如果一个项目要求你创建某个原型对象的多个实例，就可以使用原型设计模式。

三、原型设计模式实例

这里以现代企业组织为例：

<?php
/**
*  原型设计模式
*        以现代企业组织为例
**/
//部门抽象类
abstract class IAcmePrototype
{
  protected $id;   //员工ID号
  protected $name;  //员工名字
  protected $dept;  //员工部门
  //克隆方法
  abstract function __clone();
  //员工部门设置方法
  abstract function setDept($orgCode);
  //员工部门获取方法
  public function getDept()
  {
    return $this->dept;
  }
  //员工ID号设置方法
  public function setId($id)
  {
    $this->id = $id;
  }
  //员工ID号获取方法
  public function getId()
  {
    return $this->id;
  }
  //员工名字设置方法
  public function setName($name)
  {
    $this->name = $name;
  }
  //员工名字获取方法
  public function getName()
  {
    return $this->name;
  }
}
//市场部类
class Marketing extends IAcmePrototype
{
  const UNIT = "Marketing";  //标识
  //市场部门类别
  private $sales = "sales";
  private $promotion = "promotion";
  private $strategic = "strategic planning";
  //克隆函数
  function __clone()
  {
  }
  //部门设置函数
  public function setDept($orgCode)
  {
    switch($orgCode)
    {
      case 101:
          $this->dept = $this->sales;
          break;
      case 102:
          $this->dept = $this->promotion;
          break;
      case 103:
          $this->dept = $this->strategic;
          break;
      default:
          $this->dept = "Unrecognized Marketing";
    }
  }
}
//管理部类
class Management extends IAcmePrototype
{
  const UNIT = "Management";
  private $research = "research";
  private $plan = "planning";
  private $operations = "operations";
  function __clone()
  {
  }
  public function setDept($orgCode)
  {
    switch($orgCode)
    {
      case 201:
          $this->dept = $this->research;
          break;
      case 202:
          $this->dept = $this->plan;
          break;
      case 203:
          $this->dept = $this->operations;
          break;
      default:
          $this->dept = "Unrecognized Marketing";
    }
  }
}
//工厂部类
class Engineering extends IAcmePrototype
{
  const UNIT = "Engineering";
  private $development = "programming";
  private $design = "digital artwork";
  private $sysAd = "system administration";
  function __clone()
  {
  }
  public function setDept($orgCode)
  {
    switch($orgCode)
    {
      case 301:
          $this->dept = $this->development;
          break;
      case 302:
          $this->dept = $this->design;
          break;
      case 303:
          $this->dept = $this->sysAd;
          break;
      default:
          $this->dept = "Unrecognized Marketing";
    }
  }
}
//客户类
class Client
{
  private $market;  //市场部类实例
  private $manage;  //管理部类实例
  private $engineer; //工厂部类实例
  //构造函数
  public function __construct()
  {
    $this->makeConProto();
    //市场部类实例克隆
    $Tess = clone $this->market;
    $this->setEmployee($Tess,"Tess Smith",101,"ts101-1234");
    $this->showEmployee($Tess);
    $Jacob = clone $this->market;
    $this->setEmployee($Jacob,"Jacob Jones",102,"jj101-2234");
    $this->showEmployee($Jacob);
    //管理部类实例克隆
    $Ricky = clone $this->manage;
    $this->setEmployee($Ricky,"Ricky Rodrigues",203,"rr203-5634");
    $this->showEmployee($Ricky);
    //工程部类实例克隆
    $Olivia = clone $this->engineer;
    $this->setEmployee($Olivia,"Olivia perez",302,"op302-1278");
    $this->showEmployee($Olivia);
    $John = clone $this->engineer;
    $this->setEmployee($John,"John Jackson",301,"jj301-1454");
    $this->showEmployee($John);
  }
  //实例化部门对象
  private function makeConProto()
  {
    $this->market = new Marketing();
    $this->manage = new Management();
    $this->engineer = new Engineering();
  }
  //员工信息设置方法
  private function setEmployee(IAcmePrototype $employee,$name,$dept,$id)
  {
    $employee->setName($name);
    $employee->setDept($dept);
    $employee->setId($id);
  }
  //员工信息显示方法
  private function showEmployee(IAcmePrototype $employee)
  {
    echo $employee->getName() . '<br />';
    echo $employee->getDept() . '<br />';
    echo $employee->getId() . '<br />';
  }
}
$client = new Client();
?>

运行结果：

Tess Smith
sales
ts101-1234
Jacob Jones
promotion
jj101-2234
Ricky Rodrigues
operations
rr203-5634
Olivia perez
digital artwork
op302-1278
John Jackson
programming
jj301-1454

希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。