Python遍历目录的4种方法实例介绍

1.os.popen运行shell列表命令

def traverseDirByShell(path):

    for f in os.popen('ls ' + path):

        print f.strip()

2.利用glob模块

glob.glob(path)返回带目录的文件名.通配符和shell相似.path不能包含shell变量.

def traverseDirByGlob(path):

    path = os.path.expanduser(path)

    for f in glob(path + '/*'):

        print f.strip()

3.利用os.listdir(推荐)

该方法返回不带根目录的文件名或子目录名

def traverseDirByListdir(path):

    path = os.path.expanduser(path)

    for f in os.listdir(path):

        print f.strip()

4.利用os.walk(推荐)

返回一个包含3个项目的元组:当前目录名称,子目录名称,子文件名称

def traverseDirByOSWalk(path):

    path = os.path.expanduser(path)

    for (dirname, subdir, subfile) in os.walk(path):

        #print('dirname is %s, subdir is %s, subfile is %s' % (dirname, subdir, subfile))

        print('[' + dirname + ']')

        for f in subfile:

            print(os.path.join(dirname, f))

整合代码:

#!/usr/bin/python

import os

from glob import glob


def printSeparator(func):

    def deco(path):

        print("call method %s, result is:" % func.__name__)

        print("-" * 40)

        func(path)

        print("=" * 40)

    return deco
@printSeparator

def traverseDirByShell(path):

    for f in os.popen('ls ' + path):

        print f.strip()
@printSeparator

def traverseDirByGlob(path):

    path = os.path.expanduser(path)

    for f in glob(path + '/*'):

        print f.strip()
@printSeparator

def traverseDirByListdir(path):

    path = os.path.expanduser(path)

    for f in os.listdir(path):

        print f.strip()
@printSeparator

def traverseDirByOSWalk(path):

    path = os.path.expanduser(path)

    for (dirname, subdir, subfile) in os.walk(path):

        #print('dirname is %s, subdir is %s, subfile is %s' % (dirname, subdir, subfile))

        print('[' + dirname + ']')

        for f in subfile:

            print(os.path.join(dirname, f))
if __name__ == '__main__':

    path = r'~/src/py'

    traverseDirByGlob(path)
    traverseDirByGlob(path)
    traverseDirByListdir(path)
    traverseDirByOSWalk(path)