Posted in Java/Android onJanuary 22, 2022
1. Sharding-Jdbc介绍
https://shardingsphere.apache.org/
- sharding-jdbc是一个分布式的关系型数据库中间件
- 客户端代理模式,不需要搭建服务器,只需要后端数据库即可,有个IDE就行了
- 定位于轻量级的Java框架,以jar的方式提供服务
- 可以理解为增强版的jdbc驱动
- 完全兼容主流的ORM框架
sharding-jdbc提供了4种配置
- Java API
- yaml
- properties
- spring命名空间
与MyCat的区别
- MyCat是服务端的代理,Sharding-Jdbc是客户端代理
- 实际开发中如果企业有DBA建议使用MyCat,都是开发人员建议使用sharding-jdbc
- MyCat不支持在一个库内进行水平分表,而sharding-jdbc支持在同一个数据库中进行水平分表
名词解释
- 逻辑表:物流的合并表
- 真实表:存放数据的地方
- 数据节点:存储数据的MySQL节点
- 绑定表:相当于MyCat中的子表
- 广播表:相当于MyCat中的全局表
2. Sharding-Jdbc引入使用
# 0.首先在两个MySQL上创建两个数据:shard_order
# 1.分表给两个库创建两个表order_info_1,order_info_2
CREATE TABLE `order_info_1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`order_amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`order_status` int(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `order_info_2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`order_amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`order_status` int(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
# 2.切分规则,按照id的奇偶数切分到两个数据库,在自己的数据库按照user_id进行表切分
代码导入POM依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0-RC2</version>
</dependency>
配置properties
# 给两个数据源命名
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds0,ds1
# 数据源链接ds0要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.103.163.215:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.password=123456
# 数据源链接ds1要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.101.221.95:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
# 具体的分片规则,基于数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_info_$->{1..2}
# 分库的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{id % 2}
# 分表的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_info_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}
//测试代码
@SpringBootTest
class ShardingjdbcProjectApplicationTests {
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Test
void insertTest(){
String sql = "insert into order_info(id,order_amount,order_status,user_id) values(3,213.88,1,2)";
int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
System.out.println("影响行数:"+i);
}
}
作业:自己练习一下sharding-jdbc的分库分表
3. 配置广播表
先在两个库上创建广播表province_info
CREATE TABLE `province_info` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
在properties里增加配置
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=province_info
测试插入和查询的代码
@Test
void insertBroadcast(){
String sql = "insert into province_info(id,name) values(1,'beijing')";
int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
System.out.println("******* 影响的结果:"+i);
}
@Test
void selectBroadcast(){
String sql = "select * from province_info";
List<Map<String,Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
for (Map<String,Object> val: result) {
System.out.println("=========== "+val.get("id")+" ----- "+val.get("name"));
}
}
4. 配置绑定表
首先按照order_info的建表顺序创建order_item分别在两个库上建立order_item_1,order_item_2
@Test
void insertBroadcast(){
String sql = "insert into province_info(id,name) values(1,'beijing')";
int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
System.out.println("******* 影响的结果:"+i);
}
@Test
void selectBroadcast(){
String sql = "select * from province_info";
List<Map<String,Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
for (Map<String,Object> val: result) {
System.out.println("=========== "+val.get("id")+" ----- "+val.get("name"));
}
}
配置绑定表,将两个表的分表逻辑和order_info保持一致
# 给两个数据源命名
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds0,ds1
# 数据源链接ds0要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.103.163.215:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds0.password=123456
# 数据源链接ds1要和命名一致
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.101.221.95:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456
# 具体的分片规则,基于数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_info_$->{1..2}
# 分库的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{id % 2}
# 分表的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_info_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}
# 具体的分片规则,基于数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_item_$->{1..2}
# 分库的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{order_id % 2}
# 分表的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_item_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}
# 绑定表关系
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.binding-tables=order_info,order_item
# 广播表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=province_info
5. 读写分离配置
首先配置properties的数据源,如果有主机配置就必须要有从机配置
# 指定主从的配置节点
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=master0,master0slave0,master1,master1slave0
# master0数据源链接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.103.163.215:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0.password=123456
# master0slave0数据源链接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.99.212.46:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master0slave0.password=123456
# master1数据源链接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://39.101.221.95:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.username=gavin
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1.password=123456
# master1slave0数据源链接配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shard_order
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master1slave0.password=gavin
# 具体的分片规则,基于数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_info_$->{1..2}
# 分库的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{id % 2}
# 分表的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_info.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_info_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}
# 具体的分片规则,基于数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{0..1}.order_item_$->{1..2}
# 分库的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{order_id % 2}
# 分表的规则
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order_item.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=order_item_$->{user_id % 2 + 1}
# 绑定表关系
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.binding-tables=order_info,order_item
# 广播表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=province_info
# 读写分离主从关系绑定
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds0.master-data-source-name=master0
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds0.slave-data-source-names=master0slave0
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds0.load-balance-algorithm-type=round_robin
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds1.master-data-source-name=master1
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds1.slave-data-source-names=master1slave0
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.ds1.load-balance-algorithm-type=random
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