python实现批量修改服务器密码的方法

求：机房、线上有多台主机，为了保障安全，需要定期修改密码。若手动修改，费时费力易出错。

程序应该满足如下需求 ：

1、在现有的excel密码表格，在最后一个字段后面生成新的密码，另存为一个新的excel密码文件

2、根据新的excel密码文件，更新服务器密码，将更新后的结果保存到另外一个excel文件。

a、原始excel文件字段格式，最后一个字段为原始密码

IP USER PORT pwd

b、生成新的密码文件字段格式，最后一个字段为更新密码

IP USER PORT pwd pwd20180929

c、生成新的密码文件字段格式，最后一个字段为更新是否成功的标识

IP PORT USERNAME OLDPASS NEWPASS FLAG

按照面向对象编程的思想，可以设计2个类，excelhandler和ChangePassword

excelhandler主要负责excel文件的读取，写入，增加一个生成密码文件

ChangePassword主要利用paramiko登陆服务器进行密码更新

excelhandler类

#_*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
'''
@author liaogs
'''
import json
import xlrd
import xlwt
import time
import datetime
import base64
import random
from xlutils.copy import copy
class excelhandler():
  def __init__(self,path):
    self.path = path
    self.workbook = None
    self.rows = 0
    self.cols = 0
    self.serverlist = []
  def read_excel(self):
    self.workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(self.path)
    sh1 = self.workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
    self.rows = sh1.nrows
    self.cols = sh1.ncols
    for row in range(1,sh1.nrows):
      server = []
      for col in [0,1,2,sh1.ncols-2,sh1.ncols-1]:
        server.append(sh1.cell(row,col).value)
      self.serverlist.append(server)
  def gen_new_password_excel(self):
    old_excel = xlrd.open_workbook(self.path)
    new_excel = copy(old_excel)
    ws = new_excel.get_sheet(0)
    coldt = "pass"+ str(datetime.date.today())
    ws.write(0,self.cols,coldt)
    for row in range(1,self.rows):
      ws.write(row,self.cols,self.gen_key())
    dt = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S",time.localtime())
    new_excel.save(dt+self.path)
  def write_excel(self,serverlist):
    wb = xlwt.Workbook()
    ws = wb.add_sheet(u'sheet1',cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    header = ["IP","PORT","USERNAME","OLDPASS","NEWPASS","FLAG"]
    for col in range(0,6):
      ws.write(0,col,header[col])
    for row in range(len(serverlist)):
      for col in range(0,6):
        ws.write(row+1,col,serverlist[row][col])
    dt = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime())
    wb.save(dt+".xlsx")
  def get_server_list(self):
    return self.serverlist
  def get_rows(self):
    return self.rows
  def get_cols(self):
    return self.cols
  def gen_key(self):
    pool = "1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzQWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM"
    length = len(pool)
    key = ""
    for i in range(28):
      c = random.randint(0,length)
      key += pool[c:c+1]
    return key

ChangePassword类

#_*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
'''
@author liaogs
'''
import paramiko
import sys
class ChangePassword():
  def __init__(self,hostip,port,username,oldpass,newpass):
    self.hostip = hostip
    self.port = port
    self.username = username
    self.oldpass = oldpass
    self.newpass = newpass
    self.updateflag = False
  def run_change(self):
    s = paramiko.SSHClient()
    s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    tasklist = []
    try:
      s.connect(hostname=self.hostip, port=self.port, username=self.username, password=self.oldpass)
      print ('"%s" is updating password' % self.hostip)
      stdin, stdout, stderr = s.exec_command('echo %s |passwd --stdin root' % self.newpass)
      r_message = stdout.read()
      if "successfully" in r_message:
        self.updateflag = True
        print('%s is successful' %self.hostip)
      else:
        print('%s is failed' %self.hostip)
        self.updateflag = False
      s.close()
    except Exception:
      self.updateflag = False
      print("connection error")
    tasklist = [self.hostip, self.port, self.username, self.oldpass, self.newpass, self.updateflag]
    return tasklist

main

#_*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
'''
@author liaogs
'''
import re
import sys
from excelhandler import excelhandler
from changepassword import ChangePassword
if __name__ == '__main__':
  if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    eh = excelhandler("pass.xlsx")
  else:
    eh = excelhandler(sys.argv[1])
  eh.read_excel()
  def updatepassword():
    ret = eh.get_server_list()
    tasklist = []
    for i in range(len(ret)):
      print(ret[i][0],ret[i][2],ret[i][1],ret[i][3],ret[i][4])
      cp = ChangePassword(hostip=ret[i][0],port=int(ret[i][2]),username=ret[i][1],oldpass=ret[i][3],newpass=ret[i][4])
      task = cp.run_change()
      tasklist.append(task)
    print(tasklist)
    eh.write_excel(tasklist)
  while True:
    inp = input("1、生成密码 2、更新密码>>")
    if str(inp) == "1":
      eh.gen_new_password_excel()
    elif str(inp) == "2":
      updatepassword()
    elif inp == "exit":
      exit()
    else:
      continue

代码下载：https://github.com/liaogs/changepassword.git

总结

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