python3.6+django2.0开发一套学员管理系统


Posted in Python onMarch 03, 2018

1.在pycharm中新建project demo1 添加app01 点击create按钮完成新建

2.在demo项目目录下新建目录static,并在settings.py中追加代码:

STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)

3.在setting.py中添加模板路径:

TEMPLATES = [
 {
  'BACKEND': '...',
  'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),],
  'APP_DIRS': ...,
  'OPTIONS': {
   'context_processors': [
    ...
   ],
  },
 },
]

4.学员管理系统数据库设计:

在app01/model.py目录下建立 班级、老师、学生 、老师与班级关联表 四张表:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Classes(models.Model):
 '''
 班级表
 '''
 title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 a=models.ManyToManyField('Teachers')


class Teachers(models.Model):
 '''
 老师表
 '''
 name=models.CharField(max_length=32)


class Students(models.Model):
 username=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 age=models.IntegerField()
 gender=models.BooleanField()
 cs=models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令:

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

至此生成了四张数据表,可以在pycharm中,点开右上角的Database面板,然后将项目中templates目录下边的db.sqlite3鼠标拖拽到Database面板下,对新创建的数据表进行查看。

5.学员管理系统之班级管理:

为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务,将app01目录下的views.py 删掉,在app01目录下新建目录views,并在views目录下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。

1.在classes.py 中写 get_classes add_classes del_classes edit_classes四个函数,完成对 班级数据 的增删改查:

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models


def get_classes(request):
 cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
 return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})

def add_classes(request):
 if request.method=='GET':
  return render(request,'add_classes.html')
 elif request.method=='POST':
  title=request.POST.get('title','')
  models.Classes.objects.create(title=title)
  return redirect('/classes.html')

def del_classes(request):
 nid=request.GET.get('nid','')
 models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
 return redirect('/classes.html')

def edit_classes(request):
 if request.method=="GET":
  nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
  obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
  return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{'obj':obj})
 elif request.method=="POST":
  nid=request.POST.get('nid','')
  title=request.POST.get('xxoo','')
  models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)
  return redirect('/classes.html')

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),
 # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
 # path('students.html', students.get_studernts),

]

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:

get_classes.html

DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <style>
  tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
 </style>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div>
 <table>
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>ID</th> <th>名称</th> <th>操作</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   {% for row in cls_list %}
   <tr>
    <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.title }}</td>
    <td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
     |<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a>
    </td>
   </tr>
   {% endfor %}
  </tbody>
 </table>
</div>

<div><a href="/add_classes.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div>
</body>
</html>

add_classes.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add_classes.html" method="post">
 {% csrf_token %}
 <input type="text" name="title">
 <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

edit_classes.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="/edit_classes.html">
 {% csrf_token %}
 <input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}">
 <input type="text" name="xxoo" value="{{ obj.title }}">
 <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>

6.学员管理系统之学员管理: 1.在students.py 中写 get_students add_students del_students edit_students 四个函数,完成对 学生数据 的增删改查:

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models


def get_students(request):
 stu_list=models.Students.objects.all()
 return render(request,'get_students.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})


def add_students(request):
 if request.method=='GET':
  cs_list=models.Classes.objects.all()
  return render(request,'add_students.html',{'cs_list':cs_list})
 elif request.method=='POST':
  u=request.POST.get('username','')
  a=request.POST.get('age','')
  g=request.POST.get('gender','')
  c=request.POST.get('cs','')
  models.Students.objects.create(
   username=u,
   age=a,
   gender=g,
   cs_id=c
  )
  return redirect('/students.html')


def del_students(request):
 nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
 models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
 return redirect('/students.html')


def edit_students(request):
 if request.method=="GET":
  nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
  obj=models.Students.objects.get(id=nid)
  cs_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
  return render(request,'edit_students.html',{'obj':obj,'cs_list':cs_list})
 elif request.method=="POST":
  nid=request.POST.get('nid','')
  u = request.POST.get('username', '')
  a = request.POST.get('age', '')
  g = request.POST.get('gender', '')
  c = request.POST.get('cs', '')
  models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
   username=u,
   age=a,
   gender=g,
   cs_id=c)
  return redirect('/students.html')

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由: 

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),
 # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
]

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:

get_students.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <style>
  tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
 </style>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div>
 <table>
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>ID</th>
    <th>姓名</th>
    <th>年龄</th>
    <th>性别</th>
    <th>班级</th>
    <th>操作</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   {% for row in stu_list %}
   <tr>
    <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.username }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.age }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.gender }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td>
    <td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
     |<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a>
    </td>
   </tr>
   {% endfor %}
  </tbody>
 </table>
</div>

<div><a href="/add_students.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div>
</body>
</html>

add_students

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加用户</h1>
<form method="post" action="/add_students.html">
 {% csrf_token %}
 <p><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"></p>
 <p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"></p>
 <p>
  男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
  女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
 </p>
 <p>
  <select name="cs">
   {% for row in cs_list %}
   <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option>
   {% endfor %}
  </select>
 </p>
 <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

edit_students.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>编辑用户</h1>
<form method="post" action="/edit_students.html">
 {% csrf_token %}
 <input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}">
 <p><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"></p>
 <p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"></p>
 <p>
  男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
  女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
 </p>
 <p>
  <select name="cs">
   {% for row in cs_list %}
   <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option>
   {% endfor %}
  </select>
 </p>
 <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

7.学员管理系统之给班级分配老师:

在teachers数据表中增加一些老师信息:

在pycharm右上角的Database打开面板,然后将template目录下边的db.splte3鼠标拖入到Database面板中,打开db==》app01_teachers表

点击“+”,然后填入老师信息,然后点击有“DB”标志的向上箭头,进行数据保存。

1.在classes.py中增加set_teachers函数

def set_teachers(request):
 if request.method=='GET':
  nid=request.GET.get('nid','')
  cls_obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
  cls_teacher_list=cls_obj.a.all()
  all_teacher_list=models.Teachers.objects.all()
  return render(request,'set_teachers.html',{
   'cls_teacher_list':cls_teacher_list,
   'all_teacher_list':all_teacher_list,
   'nid':nid,
  })
 elif request.method=='POST':
  nid = request.POST.get('nid', '')
  ids_str=request.POST.getlist('teacher_id','')
  ids_int=[]
  for i in ids_str:
   i=int(i)
   ids_int.append(i)
  obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
  obj.a.set(ids_int)
  return redirect('/classes.html')

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由: 

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),

 path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),
]
 

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:

set_teachers.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/set_teachers.html" method="post">
 <input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ nid }}">
 {% csrf_token %}
 <select multiple size="10" name="teacher_id">

  {% for item in all_teacher_list %}
   {% if item in cls_teacher_list %}
   <option value="{{ item.id }}" selected="selected">{{ item.name }}</option>
   {% else %}
   <option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.name }}</option>
   {% endif %}
  {% endfor %}
 </select>
 <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

对get_classes.html进行增添修改为:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div>
 <table>
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>ID</th> <th>名称</th> <th>任课老师</th> <th>操作</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   {% for row in cls_list %}
   <tr>
    <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.title }}</td>
    <td>
     {% for item in row.a.all %}
      <span>{{ item.name }}</span>
      {% endfor %}
    </td>
    <td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
     |<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a>
     |<a href="/set_teachers.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" >分配老师</a>
    </td>
   </tr>
   {% endfor %}
  </tbody>
 </table>
</div>

<div><a href="/add_classes.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div>
</body>
</html>

8.初识Ajax

Ajax是异步传输方式,偷偷的向后台发请求,不引起页面刷新,下面通过一个小例子来认识Ajax这种数据传输方式。

首先下载jQuery导入项目下的static目录下

1.在app01/Views目录下新建ajax.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse


def ajax1(request):
 return render(request,'ajax1.html')


def ajax2(request):
 u=request.GET.get('username')
 p=request.GET.get('password')
 return HttpResponse('我愿意')

2.在urls.py中配置相关路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),

 path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),

 path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1),
 path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2),
]

3.在template目录下新建ajax1.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
 <style>
  .btn{
   display: inline-block;
   padding: 5px 15px;
   background-color: coral;
   color: white;
   cursor: pointer;
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
 <input placeholder="用户名" type="text">
 <input placeholder="密码" type="password">
 <div class="btn">提交</div>
</div>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
<script>
 function submitForm() {
  var u=$('#username').val();
  var p=$('#password').val();
  $.ajax({
   url:'ajax2.html',
   type:'GET',
   data:{username:u,password:p},
   success:function (arg) {
    //回调函数 arg是服务器返回的字符串
    console.log(arg)
   }

  })

 }
</script>
</body>
</html>

9.学员管理系统之Ajax删除学员: 1.在ajax.py中增加ajax4函数

from app01 import models
def ajax4(request):
 nid=request.GET.get('nid')
 msg='成功'
 try:
  models.Students.objects.get(id=nid).delete()
 except Exception as e:
  msg=str(e)
 return HttpResponse(msg)

2.在urls.py中配置相关路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

 path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
 path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
 path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
 path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),

 path('students.html', students.get_students),
 path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
 path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
 path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),

 path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),

 path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1),
 path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2),
 path('ajax4.html', ajax.ajax4),
]

3.对get_students.html进行添加修改:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div>
 <table>
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>ID</th>
    <th>姓名</th>
    <th>年龄</th>
    <th>性别</th>
    <th>班级</th>
    <th>操作</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   {% for row in stu_list %}
   <tr nid="{{ row.id }}">
    <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.username }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.age }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.gender }}</td>
    <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td>
    <td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>
     |<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" >Ajax删除</a>
     |<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a>
    </td>
   </tr>
   {% endfor %}
  </tbody>
 </table>
</div>

<div><a href="/add_students.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div>
</body>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
<script>
 function removeStudent(ths) {
  var nid=$(ths).parent().parent().attr('nid');
  $.ajax({
   url:'/ajax4.html',
   type:'GET',
   data:{nid:nid},
   success:function (arg) {
    if (arg=='成功'){
     window.location.reload();
    }else{
     alert(arg);
    }
   }
  })
 }
</script>
</html>
Python 相关文章推荐
python绘图库Matplotlib的安装
Jul 03 Python
Python3基础之list列表实例解析
Aug 13 Python
Python的Twisted框架上手前所必须了解的异步编程思想
May 25 Python
Python装饰器知识点补充
May 28 Python
解决DataFrame排序sort的问题
Jun 07 Python
tensorflow 打印内存中的变量方法
Jul 30 Python
python爬虫获取新浪新闻教学
Dec 23 Python
基于Python实现用户管理系统
Feb 26 Python
Python实现寻找回文数字过程解析
Jun 09 Python
Python 如何对文件目录操作
Jul 10 Python
jupyter notebook远程访问不了的问题解决方法
Jan 11 Python
Python还能这么玩之用Python做个小游戏的外挂
Jun 04 Python
python爬虫面试宝典(常见问题)
Mar 02 #Python
Python基于Flask框架配置依赖包信息的项目迁移部署
Mar 02 #Python
谈谈python中GUI的选择
Mar 01 #Python
纯python实现机器学习之kNN算法示例
Mar 01 #Python
用python与文件进行交互的方法
Mar 01 #Python
python爬虫爬取快手视频多线程下载功能
Feb 28 #Python
python爬取m3u8连接的视频
Feb 28 #Python
You might like
PHP环境搭建最新方法
2006/09/05 PHP
PHP抓屏函数实现屏幕快照代码分享
2014/01/02 PHP
高性能PHP框架Symfony2经典入门教程
2014/07/08 PHP
PHP中的gzcompress、gzdeflate、gzencode函数详解
2014/07/29 PHP
简单实用的PHP文本缓存类实例
2019/03/22 PHP
PHP进阶学习之反射基本概念与用法分析
2019/06/18 PHP
setInterval 和 setTimeout会产生内存溢出
2008/02/15 Javascript
ie 调试javascript的工具
2009/04/29 Javascript
javascript 限制输入脚本大全
2009/11/03 Javascript
ExtJs纵坐标值重复问题的解决方法
2014/02/27 Javascript
from表单多个按钮提交用onclick跳转不同action
2014/04/24 Javascript
JavaScript利用append添加元素报错的解决方法
2014/07/01 Javascript
js 弹出对话框(遮罩)透明,可拖动的简单实例
2016/07/11 Javascript
分享一个精简的vue.js 图片lazyload插件实例
2017/03/13 Javascript
Vue header组件开发详解
2018/01/26 Javascript
基于webpack.config.js 参数详解
2018/03/20 Javascript
jQuery实现滑动开关效果
2020/08/02 jQuery
[02:27]DOTA2英雄基础教程 莱恩
2014/01/17 DOTA
[03:58]2014DOTA2国际邀请赛 龙宝赛后解密DK获胜之道
2014/07/14 DOTA
[03:40]2014DOTA2国际邀请赛 B神专访:躲箭真的很难
2014/07/13 DOTA
[56:38]DOTA2-DPC中国联赛正赛Aster vs Magma BO3 第一场 3月5日
2021/03/11 DOTA
Python中线程的MQ消息队列实现以及消息队列的优点解析
2016/06/29 Python
Python+request+unittest实现接口测试框架集成实例
2018/03/16 Python
python 实现将多条曲线画在一幅图上的方法
2019/07/07 Python
Python实现简单的2048小游戏
2021/03/01 Python
轻松掌握CSS3中的字体大小单位rem的使用方法
2016/05/24 HTML / CSS
荷兰DOD药房中文官网:DeOnlineDrogist
2020/12/27 全球购物
社会公德演讲稿
2014/05/20 职场文书
信电学院毕业生自荐书
2014/05/24 职场文书
热门专业求职信
2014/05/24 职场文书
岗位职责范本大全
2015/02/26 职场文书
2015年食堂工作总结报告
2015/04/23 职场文书
本科毕业答辩开场白
2015/05/27 职场文书
小学中队长竞选稿
2015/11/20 职场文书
新手入门Jvm-- JVM对象创建与内存分配机制
2021/06/18 Java/Android
阿里云ECS云服务器快照的概念以及如何使用
2022/04/21 Servers