(一)、概述
Celery是一个简单、灵活和可靠的基于多任务的分布式系统,为运营提供用于维护此系统的工具。专注于实时处理的任务队列,同时也支持任务的调度。执行单元为任务(task),利用多线程这些任务可以被并发的在单个或多个职程(worker)上运行。
Celery通过消息机制通信,通常通过中间人(broker)来分配和调节客户端与职程服务器(worker)之间的通信。客户端发送一条消息,中间人把消息分配给一个职程,最后由职程来负责执行此任务。
Celery可以有多个职程和中间人,这样提高了高可用性和横向的扩展能力
Celery由python语言开发,但是该协议可以用任何语言拉力实现,例如:Django中的Celery、node中的node-celery和php中的celery-php
(二)、Django中使用Celery的流程与配置
导入Celery:pip3 install Celery
在 与项目同名的目录下 创建celery.py文件,特别注意:项目同名的目录下
复制内容到该文件
修改两处内容
- os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'proj.settings')中的proj改为项目名
- app = Celery('pro')中的pro改为项目名
import os from celery import Celery # set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program. os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'proj.settings') app = Celery('pro') # Using a string here means the worker doesn't have to serialize # the configuration object to child processes. # - namespace='CELERY' means all celery-related configuration keys # should have a `CELERY_` prefix. app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings', namespace='CELERY') # Load task modules from all registered Django app configs. app.autodiscover_tasks() @app.task(bind=True) def debug_task(self): print(f'Request: {self.request!r}')
在 与项目同名的目录下 的__init__.py文件中添加内容
# This will make sure the app is always imported when # Django starts so that shared_task will use this app. from .celery import app as celery_app __all__ = ('celery_app',)
在settings.py文件中添加配置
- CELERY_BROKER_URL:中间人url,可以配置redis或者RabbitMQ
- CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND:返回结果的存储地址
- CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT:接收内容的格式,分为两种:json和msgpack。msgpack比json格式的数据体积更小,传输速度更快。
- CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER:任务载荷的序列化方式-->json
- CELERY_TIMEZONE
- CELERY_TASK_TRACK_STARTED:是否开启任务跟踪
- CELERY_TASK_TIME_LIMIT:任务超时限制
# Celery配置 CELERY_BROKER_URL = env("CELERY_BROKER_URL") CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = env("CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND") CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ["json", "msgpack"] CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = "json" CELERY_TIMEZONE = "Asia/Shanghai" CELERY_TASK_TRACK_STARTED = True CELERY_TASK_TIME_LIMIT = 30 * 60
在app下创建tasks.py文件,创建发送消息功能,任务方法必须添加装饰器:@shared_task
from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from time import sleep from celery import shared_task class TestView3(GenericAPIView): @classmethod @shared_task def sleep(self, duration): sleep(duration) return Response("成功", status=200)
创建视图和路由
### views.py from .tasks import TestView3 class TestView1(GenericAPIView): def get(self, request): TestView3.sleep(10) return Response("celery实验成功") test_view_1 = TestView1.as_view() ### urls.py from django.urls import path from .views import ( test_view_1 ) urlpatterns = [ path('celery/', test_view_1, name="test1") ]
安装redis并启动
启动django项目
使用Celery命令启动Celery服务,命令:celery -A 项目名 worker -l info,如果如下所示则为启动成功.
celery@AppledeMacBook-Air.local v5.0.3 (singularity) Darwin-20.1.0-x86_64-i386-64bit 2020-12-05 20:52:17 [config] .> app: drf_email_project:0x7f84a0c4ad68 .> transport: redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1%20 .> results: redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2 .> concurrency: 4 (prefork) .> task events: OFF (enable -E to monitor tasks in this worker) [queues] .> celery exchange=celery(direct) key=celery [tasks] . drf_email_project.celery.debug_task . users.tasks.sleep [2020-12-05 20:52:18,166: INFO/MainProcess] Connected to redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1%20 [2020-12-05 20:52:18,179: INFO/MainProcess] mingle: searching for neighbors [2020-12-05 20:52:19,212: INFO/MainProcess] mingle: all alone [2020-12-05 20:52:19,248: WARNING/MainProcess] /Users/apple/drf-email/lib/python3.7/site-packages/celery/fixups/django.py:204: UserWarning: Using settings.DEBUG leads to a memory leak, never use this setting in production environments! leak, never use this setting in production environments!''') [2020-12-05 20:52:19,249: INFO/MainProces
到此这篇关于Django中使用Celery的方法步骤的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Django使用Celery的方法步骤内容请搜索三水点靠木以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持三水点靠木!
Django中使用Celery的方法步骤
- Author -
三省吾身声明:登载此文出于传递更多信息之目的,并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其描述。
Reply on: @reply_date@
@reply_contents@