前言
学习了 webpack 之后,将自己的博客的前端进行重构,由于自己的博客是多页应用,所以研究了下多页应用的打包方案。在这里把最后配置的成果分享下,不足之处,请指正。(文字不多,全是代码,不是配置教程,所以没有特别详细的写,只是一个参考)
项目地址: https://github.com/Ray-daydayup/MPA-webpack
文件目录结构
项目目录结构
首先先看下我的项目的目录结构
myblog-webpack ├── dist // 打包输出文件夹 ├── src // 源代码 │ ├── api // 请求文件夹,存放封装的请求方法 │ ├── assets // 静态资源文件夹 │ ├── lib // 一些库 │ ├── pages // 页面 │ │ ├── about // 页面名称 │ │ │ ├── index.html // html模板 │ │ │ └── index.js // 入口js │ │ ├── category │ │ │ ├── index.html │ │ │ └── index.js │ │ ├── detail │ │ │ ├── index.html │ │ │ └── index.js │ │ ├── index │ │ │ ├── index.html │ │ │ └── index.js │ │ └── tag │ │ ├── index.html │ │ └── index.js │ ├── styles // 样式文件 │ └── utils // 工具函数 ├── package.json ├── README.md ├── package-lock.json ├── webpack.base.js // 公共配置 ├── webpack.dev.js // 开发环境配置 └── webpack.prod.js // 生产环境配置
打包输出文件目录结构
最终打包输出的目录如下
dist ├── assets ├── css │ ├── commons672a1e57.css │ └── index6085d612.css ├── js │ ├── aboutfc723f0e.js │ ├── categorye4be3bd6.js │ ├── commons78f1dd3f.js │ ├── detail0df434c5.js │ ├── indexe1e985d9.js │ ├── markdown-it │ │ ├── highlight.vendors.js │ │ ├── markdown-it-integrated.js │ │ ├── markdown-it-integrated.min.js │ │ ├── markdown-it-integrated.min.js.LICENSE.txt │ │ └── markdown-it.vendors.js │ └── tagf1c1035c.js ├── about.html ├── category.html ├── detail.html ├── favicon.ico ├── index.html └── tag.html
webpack 配置文件
注意:文中各部分所需的包名,并没有书写,请在附录中查找!!!相关配置的意义可以查找官方文档
公共配置
动态获取 entry 和设置 html-webpack-plugin
多页应用的打包思路是 每个页面对应一个 entry ,一个 html-webpack-plugin ,但每次新增或删除页面需要改 webpack 配置,所以需要根据文件目录动态获取入口,来设置 html-webpack-plugin 。
利用一个库 glob 来实现对文件目录的读取 具体代码如下,相关配置的意义可以查找官方文档
const path = require('path') const glob = require('glob') const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin') const setMPA = () => { const entry = {} const htmlWebpackPlugins = [] const entryFiles = glob.sync(path.join(__dirname, './src/pages/*/index.js')) // 匹配各页面的对应入口文件 entryFiles.forEach((item) => { const pageName = item.match(/pages\/(.*)\/index.js/)[1] // 获取文件夹名,即页面名称 entry[pageName] = item // 设置入口文件路径 // 设置html-webpack-plugin数组 htmlWebpackPlugins.push( new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: path.join(__dirname, `./src/pages/${pageName}/index.html`),//模板地址 filename: `${pageName}.html`, //输出文件名 chunks: [pageName], // 插入的js chunk名称,和output有关 inject: true, favicon: path.join(__dirname, './src/assets/favicon.ico'), // 图标 minify: { //压缩代码 html5: true, collapseWhitespace: true, preserveLineBreaks: false, minifyCSS: true, minifyJS: true, removeComments: false } }) ) }) return { entry, htmlWebpackPlugins } } const { entry, htmlWebpackPlugins } = setMPA()
使用 ES6 和 async、await ,以及 eslint
使用 ES6 和 async、await 以及 eslint ,需要借助 babel-loader 和 eslint-loader ,其具体配置很简单
babel 相关的库: @babel/core 、 @babel/preset-env 、 @babel/plugin-transform-regenerator 、 @babel/plugin-transform-runtime 、 eslint 相关的库: babel-eslint 、 eslint
module.rules 的配置
{ test: /\.js$/, use: ['babel-loader', 'eslint-loader'] }
.babelrc 文件的配置
{ "presets": [ "@babel/preset-env" ], "plugins": [ //设置支持async和await "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime", "@babel/plugin-transform-regenerator" ] }
.eslintrc.js 的配置
module.exports = { parser: 'babel-eslint', extends: ['alloy'], // eslint标准请自行选择下载 env: { browser: true, node: true }, rules: { 'no-new': 'off', 'no-proto': 'off' // 'no-console': 'error' } }
加载图片
利用 url-loader ,具体 module.rules 配置如下
{ test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/, use: [ { loader: 'url-loader', options: { esModule: false, name: '[name][hash:8].[ext]', //文件指纹 limit: 10240, // 转base64 outputPath: './assets/images/' // 图片文件输出目录和publicPath有关 } } ] }
清理打包目录和复制文件到打包目录
自动清理打包目录利用 clean-webpack-plugin 插件,复制文件利用 copy-webpack-plugin
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin') const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin') const basePlugins = [ ...htmlWebpackPlugins, //之前配置的htmlWebpackPlugin数组 new CleanWebpackPlugin(), // 自动清理构建目录 new CopyWebpackPlugin({ patterns: [ { from: path.join(__dirname, 'src/lib/markdown-it'), // 源 to: path.join(__dirname, 'dist/js/markdown-it') // 目标位置 } ] }) ]
.browserslistrc 配置
# Browsers that we support last 2 version > 1% iOS 7
开发环境配置
热更新以及 devServer
具体配置如下:
plugins: [...basePlugins, new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()], //热更新插件 devServer: { contentBase: 'dist', // 开启服务的目录 hot: true, //热更新开启 proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://raydaydayup.cn:3000', //代理 pathRewrite: { '^/api': '' } } } }
CSS 相关配置
module.rules 的配置如下
{ test: /\.less$/, use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'less-loader'] }, { test: /\.css$/, use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader'] }
出口
output: { filename: '[name].js', path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist') }
生产环境配置
出口
output: { filename: 'js/[name][chunkhash:8].js', // 统一输出到js文件夹 path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'), publicPath: '/' // 服务路径 }
js 代码压缩
利用 terser-webpack-plugin 插件,配置 optimization
const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin') optimization: { minimize: true, minimizer: [ new TerserPlugin({ include: [/\.js$/] }) ] }
CSS 相关配置
CSS 代码压缩,利用 optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin 和 cssnano
const OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin') plugins: [ new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({ assetNameRegExp: /\.css$/g, cssProcessor: require('cssnano') }) ]
CSS 分离单独文件,利用 mini-css-extract-plugin
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin') module: { rules: [ ...baseModuleRules, { test: /\.less$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true } }, 'css-loader', 'less-loader' ] }, { test: /\.css$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true } }, 'css-loader' ] } ] }, plugins: [ ...basePlugins, new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: 'css/[name][contenthash:8].css' // 输出文件名和地址 }), ],
PostCSS 插件 autoprefixer 自动补齐 CSS3 前缀
module: { rules: [ ...baseModuleRules, { test: /\.less$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true } }, 'css-loader', { loader: 'postcss-loader', options: { plugins: () => [require('autoprefixer')] } }, 'less-loader' ] }, ] },
分离公共文件(CSS和JS)
配置 optimization.splitChunks
optimization: { splitChunks: { cacheGroups: { commons: { name: 'commons', chunks: 'all', minChunks: 2 // 最少引用两次 } } } }
使用相关注意
html-webpack-plugin 模板使用以及 html-loader
导入 html 片段,在相应位置写下面的代码就像,需要注意的是, html-loader 加载的 html 片段内部 <%%> 语法会失效
<%= require("html-loader!@/components/recent.html") %>
html 中图片的加载。在 html 中相关的 img 标签的图片, html-loader 加载时会自动调用 url-loader ,但是存在问题,加载出来的路径没有 "" 。为了避免这个问题,我就没有再 html-loader 加载的 html 片段中使用图片,而是直接再 html 模
板中直接用 require
<img src="<%= require('@/assets/logo362x82.png') %>" alt="" />
附录
配置文件完整版
webpack.base.js
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin') const path = require('path') const glob = require('glob') const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin') const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin') const setMPA = () => { const entry = {} const htmlWebpackPlugins = [] const entryFiles = glob.sync(path.join(__dirname, './src/pages/*/index.js')) entryFiles.forEach((item) => { const pageName = item.match(/pages\/(.*)\/index.js/)[1] entry[pageName] = item htmlWebpackPlugins.push( new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: path.join(__dirname, `./src/pages/${pageName}/index.html`), filename: `${pageName}.html`, chunks: [pageName], inject: true, favicon: path.join(__dirname, './src/assets/favicon.ico'), minify: { html5: true, collapseWhitespace: true, preserveLineBreaks: false, minifyCSS: true, minifyJS: true, removeComments: false } }) ) }) return { entry, htmlWebpackPlugins } } const { entry, htmlWebpackPlugins } = setMPA() const baseModuleRules = [ { test: /\.js$/, use: ['babel-loader', 'eslint-loader'] }, { test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/, use: [ { loader: 'url-loader', options: { esModule: false, name: '[name][hash:8].[ext]', limit: 10240, outputPath: './assets/images/' } } ] } ] const basePlugins = [ ...htmlWebpackPlugins, new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new CopyWebpackPlugin({ patterns: [ { from: path.join(__dirname, 'src/lib/markdown-it'), to: path.join(__dirname, 'dist/js/markdown-it') } ] }) ] module.exports = { entry, baseModuleRules, basePlugins }
webpack.dev.js
const webpack = require('webpack') const path = require('path') const { entry, baseModuleRules, basePlugins } = require('./webpack.base.js') module.exports = { mode: 'development', entry, output: { filename: '[name].js', path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist') }, module: { rules: [ ...baseModuleRules, { test: /\.less$/, use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'less-loader'] }, { test: /\.css$/, use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader'] } ] }, resolve: { // 设置别名 alias: { '@': path.join(__dirname, 'src') // 这样配置后 @ 可以指向 src 目录 } }, plugins: [...basePlugins, new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()], devServer: { contentBase: 'dist', hot: true, proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://raydaydayup.cn:3000', pathRewrite: { '^/api': '' } } } } }
webpack.prod.js
const { entry, baseModuleRules, basePlugins } = require('./webpack.base.js') const path = require('path') const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin') const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin') const OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin') module.exports = { mode: 'production', entry, output: { filename: 'js/[name][chunkhash:8].js', path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'), publicPath: '/' }, resolve: { // 设置别名 alias: { '@': path.resolve('src') // 这样配置后 @ 可以指向 src 目录 } }, module: { rules: [ ...baseModuleRules, { test: /\.less$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true } }, 'css-loader', { loader: 'postcss-loader', options: { plugins: () => [require('autoprefixer')] } }, 'less-loader' ] }, { test: /\.css$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, options: { esModule: true } }, 'css-loader' ] } ] }, plugins: [ ...basePlugins, new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: 'css/[name][contenthash:8].css' }), new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({ assetNameRegExp: /\.css$/g, cssProcessor: require('cssnano') }) ], optimization: { minimize: true, minimizer: [ new TerserPlugin({ include: [/\.js$/] }) ], splitChunks: { cacheGroups: { commons: { name: 'commons', chunks: 'all', minChunks: 2 } } } } }
package.json文件
{ "name": "myblog-webpack", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": ".eslintrc.js", "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js", "dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpack.dev.js --open" }, "keywords": [], "author": "", "license": "ISC", "devDependencies": { "@babel/core": "^7.10.2", "@babel/plugin-transform-regenerator": "^7.10.3", "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.10.3", "@babel/preset-env": "^7.10.2", "autoprefixer": "^9.8.4", "babel-eslint": "^10.1.0", "babel-loader": "^8.1.0", "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0", "copy-webpack-plugin": "^6.0.3", "css-loader": "^3.6.0", "cssnano": "^4.1.10", "eslint": "^7.2.0", "eslint-config-alloy": "^3.7.2", "eslint-loader": "^4.0.2", "file-loader": "^6.0.0", "glob": "^7.1.6", "html-loader": "^1.1.0", "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.3.0", "less-loader": "^6.1.2", "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.9.0", "optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.3", "postcss-loader": "^3.0.0", "style-loader": "^1.2.1", "terser-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.5", "url-loader": "^4.1.0", "webpack": "^4.43.0", "webpack-cli": "^3.3.11", "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.0" }, "dependencies": { "axios": "^0.19.2" } }
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详解Webpack4多页应用打包方案
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