1.实现需求:
从网上(随便一个网址,我爬的网址会在评论区告诉大家,dddd)获取某一年的历史天气信息,包括每天最高气温、最低气温、天气状况、风向等,完成以下功能:
(1)将获取的数据信息存储到csv格式的文件中,文件命名为”城市名称.csv”,其中每行数据格式为“日期,最高温,最低温,天气,风向”;
(2)在数据中增加“平均温度”一列,其中:平均温度=(最高温+最低温)/2,在同一张图中绘制两个城市一年平均气温走势折线图;
(3)统计两个城市各类天气的天数,并绘制条形图进行对比,假设适合旅游的城市指数由多云天气占比0.3,晴天占比0.4,阴天数占比0.3,试比较两个城市中哪个城市更适合旅游;
(4)统计这两个城市每个月的平均气温,绘制折线图,并通过折线图分析该城市的哪个月最适合旅游;
(5)统计出这两个城市一年中,平均气温在18~25度,风力小于5级的天数,并假设该类天气数越多,城市就越适宜居住,判断哪个城市更适合居住;
爬虫代码:
import random
import time
from spider.data_storage import DataStorage
from spider.html_downloader import HtmlDownloader
from spider.html_parser import HtmlParser
class SpiderMain:
def __init__(self):
self.html_downloader=HtmlDownloader()
self.html_parser=HtmlParser()
self.data_storage=DataStorage()
def start(self):
"""
爬虫启动方法
将获取的url使用下载器进行下载
将html进行解析
数据存取
:return:
"""
for i in range(1,13): # 采用循环的方式进行依次爬取
time.sleep(random.randint(0, 10)) # 随机睡眠0到40s防止ip被封
url="XXXX"
if i<10:
url =url+"20210"+str(i)+".html" # 拼接url
else:
url=url+"2021"+str(i)+".html"
html=self.html_downloader.download(url)
resultWeather=self.html_parser.parser(html)
if i==1:
t = ["日期", "最高气温", "最低气温", "天气", "风向"]
resultWeather.insert(0,t)
self.data_storage.storage(resultWeather)
if __name__=="__main__":
main=SpiderMain()
main.start()
import requests as requests
class HtmlDownloader:
def download(self,url):
"""
根据给定的url下载网页
:param url:
:return: 下载好的文本
"""
headers = {"User-Agent":
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:101.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/101.0"}
result = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
return result.content.decode('utf-8')
此处大家需要注意,将User-Agent换成自己浏览器访问该网址的,具体如何查看呢,其实很简单,只需大家进入网站后,右键网页,然后点击检查将出现这样的界面:
然后只需再点击网络,再随便点击一个请求,如下图:
就可以进入如下图,然后再复制,图中User-Agent的内容就好了!
继续:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
class HtmlParser:
def parser(self,html):
"""
解析给定的html
:param html:
:return: area set
"""
weather = []
bs = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
body = bs.body # 获取html中的body部分
div = body.find('div', {'class:', 'tian_three'}) # 获取class为tian_three的<div></div>
ul = div.find('ul') # 获取div中的<ul></ul>
li = ul.find_all('li') # 获取ul中的所有<li></li>
for l in li:
tempWeather = []
div1 = l.find_all("div") # 获取当前li中的所有div
for i in div1:
tempStr = i.string.replace("℃", "") # 将℃进行替换
tempStr = tempStr.replace(" ", "") # 替换空格
tempWeather.append(tempStr)
weather.append(tempWeather)
return weather
import pandas as pd
class DataStorage:
def storage(self,weather):
"""
数据存储
:param weather list
:return:
"""
data = pd.DataFrame(columns=weather[0], data=weather[1:]) # 格式化数据
data.to_csv("C:\\Users\\86183\\Desktop\\成都.csv", index=False, sep=",",mode="a") # 保存到csv文件当中
注意,文件保存路径该成你们自己的哦!
ok,爬取代码就到这,接下来是图形化效果大致如下:
代码如下:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"] # 设置字体
plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False # 该语句解决图像中的“-”负号的乱码问题
def broken_line_chart(x, y1, y2): # 折线图绘制函数
plt.figure(dpi=500, figsize=(10, 5))
plt.title("泸州-成都每日平均气温折线图")
plt.plot(x, y1, color='cyan', label='泸州')
plt.plot(x, y2, color='yellow', label='成都')
# 获取图的坐标信息
coordinates = plt.gca()
# 设置x轴每个刻度的间隔天数
xLocator = mpl.ticker.MultipleLocator(30)
coordinates.xaxis.set_major_locator(xLocator)
# 将日期旋转30°
plt.xticks(rotation=30)
plt.xticks(fontsize=8)
plt.ylabel("温度(℃)")
plt.xlabel("日期")
plt.legend()
plt.savefig("平均气温走势折线图.png") # 平均气温折线图
plt.show()
plt.close()
data_luZhou = pd.read_csv('C:\\Users\\86183\\Desktop\\泸州.csv')
data_chengdu = pd.read_csv('C:\\Users\\86183\\Desktop\\成都.csv')
# 将列的名称转为列表类型方便添加
columS = data_luZhou.columns.tolist()
columY = data_chengdu.columns.tolist()
# 将数据转换为列表
data_luZhou=np.array(data_luZhou).tolist()
data_chengdu=np.array(data_chengdu).tolist()
# 在最开始的位置上添加列的名字
data_luZhou.insert(0, columS)
data_chengdu.insert(0, columY)
# 添加平均气温列
data_luZhou[0].append("平均气温")
data_chengdu[0].append("平均气温")
weather_dict_luZhou = {}
weather_dict_chengdu = {}
for i in range(1, len(data_luZhou)):
# 去除日期中的星期
data_luZhou[i][0] = data_luZhou[i][0][0:10]
data_chengdu[i][0] = data_chengdu[i][0][0:10]
# 获取平均气温
average_luZhou = int((int(data_luZhou[i][1]) + int(data_luZhou[i][2])) / 2)
average_chengdu = int((int(data_chengdu[i][1]) + int(data_chengdu[i][2])) / 2)
# 将平均气温添加进入列表中
data_luZhou[i].append(average_luZhou)
data_chengdu[i].append(average_chengdu)
# 将新的数据存入新的csv中
new_data_luZhou = pd.DataFrame(columns=data_luZhou[0], data=data_luZhou[1:])
new_data_chengdu = pd.DataFrame(columns=data_chengdu[0], data=data_chengdu[1:])
new_data_luZhou.to_csv("D:/PythonProject/spider/泸州.csv", index=False, sep=",")
new_data_chengdu.to_csv("D:/PythonProject/spider/成都.csv", index=False, sep=",")
# 折线图的绘制
y1 = np.array(new_data_luZhou.get("平均气温")).tolist()
y2 = np.array(new_data_chengdu.get("平均气温")).tolist()
x = np.array(new_data_luZhou.get("日期")).tolist()
broken_line_chart(x, y1, y2)
# 进行每个月的平均气温求解
new_data_luZhou["日期"] = pd.to_datetime(new_data_luZhou["日期"])
new_data_chengdu["日期"] = pd.to_datetime(new_data_chengdu["日期"])
new_data_luZhou.set_index("日期", inplace=True)
new_data_chengdu.set_index("日期", inplace=True)
# 按月进行平均气温的求取
month_l = new_data_luZhou.resample('m').mean()
month_l = np.array(month_l).tolist()
month_c = new_data_chengdu.resample('m').mean()
month_c = np.array(month_c).tolist()
length = len(month_c)
month_average_l = []
month_average_c = []
for i in range(length):
month_average_l.append(month_l[i][2])
month_average_c.append(month_c[i][2])
month_list = [str(i) + "月" for i in range(1, 13)]
plt.figure(dpi=500, figsize=(10, 5))
plt.title("泸州-成都每月平均折线气温图")
plt.plot(month_list, month_average_l, color="cyan",label="泸州", marker='o')
plt.plot(month_list, month_average_c, color="blue",label='成都', marker='v')
for a, b in zip(month_list, month_average_l):
plt.text(a, b + 0.5, '%.2f' % b, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='bottom', fontsize=6)
for a, b in zip(month_list, month_average_c):
plt.text(a, b - 0.5, '%.2f' % b, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='bottom', fontsize=6)
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel("月份")
plt.ylabel("温度(℃)")
plt.savefig("月平均气温折线图.png") # 月平均气温折线图
plt.show()
#
# 只获取两列的数据
data_l = pd.read_csv("泸州.csv", usecols=['风向', '平均气温'])
data_c = pd.read_csv("成都.csv", usecols=['风向', '平均气温'])
data_l = np.array(data_l).tolist()
data_c = np.array(data_c).tolist()
day_c = 0
day_l = 0
for i in range(len(data_l)):
if len(data_l[i][0]) == 5:
if int(data_l[i][0][3]) < 5 and 18 <= int(data_l[i][1]) <= 25:
day_l += 1
else:
if int(data_l[i][0][2]) < 5 and 18 <= int(data_l[i][1]) <= 25:
day_l += 1
if len(data_c[i][0]) == 5:
if int(data_c[i][0][3]) < 5 and 10 <= int(data_c[i][1]) <= 25:
day_c += 1
else:
if int(data_c[i][0][2]) < 5 and 18 <= int(data_c[i][1]) <= 25:
day_c += 1
plt.figure(dpi=500, figsize=(8, 4))
plt.title("泸州-成都平均气温在18-25且风力<5级的天数")
list_name = ['泸州', '成都']
list_days = [day_l, day_c]
plt.bar(list_name, list_days, width=0.5)
plt.text(0, day_l, '%.0f' % day_l, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='bottom', fontsize=7)
plt.text(1, day_c, '%.0f' % day_c, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='bottom', fontsize=7)
plt.xlabel("城市")
plt.ylabel("天数(d)")
plt.savefig("适宜居住柱形图.png")
plt.show()
data_l=pd.read_csv("泸州.csv")
data_c=pd.read_csv("成都.csv")
# 将数据转换为列表
data_l=np.array(data_l).tolist()
data_c=np.array(data_c).tolist()
# 获取每种天气的天数,采用字典类型进行存储
for i in range(1,365):
weather_l = data_l[i][3]
weather_c = data_c[i][3]
if weather_l in weather_dict_luZhou:
weather_dict_luZhou[weather_l] = weather_dict_luZhou.get(weather_l) + 1
else:
weather_dict_luZhou[weather_l]=1
if weather_c in weather_dict_chengdu:
weather_dict_chengdu[weather_c]=weather_dict_chengdu.get(weather_c)+1
else:
weather_dict_chengdu[weather_c]=1
weather_list_luZhou = list(weather_dict_luZhou)
weather_list_chengdu = list(weather_dict_chengdu)
value_l = []
value_c = []
# 获取所有的天气种类
weather_list = sorted(set(weather_list_luZhou + weather_list_chengdu))
# 获取每种天气的天数,并将其对应的放入列表中,没有的则用0进行替代,方便条形图的绘制。
for i in weather_list:
if i in weather_dict_luZhou:
value_l.append(weather_dict_luZhou[i])
else:
value_l.append(0)
if i in weather_dict_chengdu:
value_c.append(weather_dict_chengdu[i])
else:
value_c.append(0)
# 绘制条形图进行对比
plt.figure(dpi=500, figsize=(10, 5))
plt.title("泸州-成都各种天气情况对比")
x1 = list(range(len(weather_list)))
x = [i + 0.4 for i in x1]
plt.bar(x1, value_l, width=0.4, color='red', label='泸州')
plt.bar(x, value_c, width=0.4, color='orange', label='成都')
for a, b in zip(x1, value_l):
plt.text(a, b + 0.4, '%.0f' % b, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7)
for a, b in zip(x, value_c):
plt.text(a, b + 0.4, '%.0f' % b, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7)
plt.xticks(x1, weather_list)
plt.ylabel("天数")
plt.xlabel("天气")
plt.xticks(rotation=270)
plt.legend()
plt.savefig("泸州成都天气情况对比.png")
plt.show()
plt.close()
好的这次就到这儿吧,我们下次见哦!!!
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Python实战实现爬取天气数据并完成可视化分析详解
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