python 多进程并行编程 ProcessPoolExecutor的实现

使用 ProcessPoolExecutor

from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor, as_completed
import random

斐波那契数列

当 n 大于 30 时抛出异常

def fib(n):
  if n > 30:
    raise Exception('can not > 30, now %s' % n)
  if n <= 2:
    return 1
  return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

准备数组

nums = [random.randint(0, 33) for _ in range(0, 10)]
'''
[13, 17, 0, 22, 19, 33, 7, 12, 8, 16]
'''

方案一：submit

submit 输出结果按照子进程执行结束的先后顺序，不可控

with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
    futures = {executor.submit(fib, n):n for n in nums}
    for f in as_completed(futures):
      try:
        print('fib(%s) result is %s.' % (futures[f], f.result()))
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
'''
fib(13) result is 233.
fib(17) result is 1597.
fib(0) result is 1.
fib(22) result is 17711.
fib(19) result is 4181.
can not > 30, now 33
fib(7) result is 13.
fib(12) result is 144.
fib(8) result is 21.
fib(16) result is 987.

'''

等价写法：

with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
    futures = {}
    for n in nums:
      job = executor.submit(fib, n)
      futures[job] = n

    for job in as_completed(futures):
      try:
        re = job.result()
        n = futures[job]
        print('fib(%s) result is %s.' % (n, re))
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
'''
fib(13) result is 233.
fib(17) result is 1597.
fib(0) result is 1.
fib(22) result is 17711.
can not > 30, now 33
fib(7) result is 13.
fib(19) result is 4181.
fib(8) result is 21.
fib(12) result is 144.
fib(16) result is 987.
'''

方案二：map

map 输出结果按照输入数组的顺序

缺点：某一子进程异常会导致整体中断

with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
    try:
      results = executor.map(fib, nums)
      for num, result in zip(nums, results):
        print('fib(%s) result is %s.' % (num, result))
    except Exception as e:
      print(e)
'''
fib(13) result is 233.
fib(17) result is 1597.
fib(0) result is 1.
fib(22) result is 17711.
fib(19) result is 4181.
can not > 30, now 33
'''

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