利用PyQt5+Matplotlib 绘制静态/动态图的实现代码


Posted in Python onJuly 13, 2020

代码编辑环境

Win10+(Pycharmm or Vscode)+PyQt 5.14.2

功能实现

静态作图:数据作图,取决于作图函数,可自行修改
动态作图:产生数据,获取并更新数据,最后刷新显示,可用于实现数据实时采集并显示的场景

效果展示

利用PyQt5+Matplotlib 绘制静态/动态图的实现代码

代码块(业务与逻辑分离)业务?UI界面代码

文件名:Ui_realtimer_plot.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Added by the Blog author VERtiCaL on 2020/07/12 at SSRF
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.14.2
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
  def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
    MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
    MainWindow.resize(1613, 1308)
    self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
    self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
    self.Plot_static = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
    self.Plot_static.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 30, 861, 391))
    self.Plot_static.setObjectName("Plot_static")
    self.layoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.layoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 830, 701, 91))
    self.layoutWidget.setObjectName("layoutWidget")
    self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.layoutWidget)
    self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
    self.horizontalLayout.setSpacing(28)
    self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
    self.Static_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.Static_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.Static_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    font.setBold(False)
    font.setWeight(50)
    self.Static_plot.setFont(font)
    self.Static_plot.setObjectName("Static_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.Static_plot)
    self.dynamic_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.dynamic_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.dynamic_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    font.setBold(False)
    font.setWeight(50)
    self.dynamic_plot.setFont(font)
    self.dynamic_plot.setObjectName("dynamic_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.dynamic_plot)
    self.End_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.End_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.End_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    self.End_plot.setFont(font)
    self.End_plot.setObjectName("End_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.End_plot)
    self.Erase_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.Erase_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.Erase_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    self.Erase_plot.setFont(font)
    self.Erase_plot.setObjectName("Erase_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.Erase_plot)
    self.Plot_dynamic = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
    self.Plot_dynamic.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 430, 861, 391))
    self.Plot_dynamic.setObjectName("Plot_dynamic")
    MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
    self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 1613, 23))
    self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
    MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
    self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
    self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
    MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

    self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

  def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
    self.Plot_static.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "StaticPlot"))
    self.Static_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "静态作图"))
    self.dynamic_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "动态作图"))
    self.End_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "停止作图"))
    self.Erase_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "清除数据"))
    self.Plot_dynamic.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "DynamicPlot"))

逻辑?主要代码分析

matplotlib作图嵌入PyQt界面的关键

创建matlibplot图形类Myplot,通过继承FigureCanvas类,使其相当于PyQt里的控件,从而完成PyQt与Matlibplot的结合。

# class Myplot for plotting with matplotlib
class Myplot(FigureCanvas):
  def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=3, dpi=100):
    # normalized for 中文显示和负号
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

    # new fig
    self.fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
    # activate figure window
    # super(Plot_dynamic,self).__init__(self.fig)
    FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
    self.setParent(parent)
    # sub plot by self.axes
    self.axes= self.fig.add_subplot(111)
    # initial figure
    self.compute_initial_figure()

    # size policy
    FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
    FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    pass

用于图形初始化的图像类,通过调用这个类就能实现图形绘制和修改。可以在此更改图形的类型,具体代码可以参照matplotlib官网的实例 Matplotlib_examples

class static_fig(Myplot):
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    Myplot.__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)
    y=x*np.sin(x)
    self.axes.plot(x,y)
    self.axes.set_title("signals")
    self.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)")
    self.axes.set_ylabel("counts")

主界面的逻辑代码

几点说明

1、利用Matplotlib自带的NavigationToolbar可以实现绘制图的基本操作:平移、放大、保存图像、显示鼠标位置(x,y)的数据等
2、self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig1)就是把绘制的图像本身作为一个控件widget加入UI界面里的groupbox(这里改成Plot_static名称)去,从而使得图形能正常显示在绘图框里。

class AppWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
  def __init__(self,parent=None):
    super(AppWindow,self).__init__(parent)
    self.setupUi(self)
    # ^O^ static_fig can changed to any other function
    #self.fig1=static_fig(width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
    self.fig1 = static_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    self.fig2 = dynamic_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    # add NavigationToolbar in the figure (widgets)
    self.fig_ntb1 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig1, self)
    self.fig_ntb2 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig2, self)
    #self.Start_plot.clicked.connect(self.plot_cos)
    # add the static_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout1=QGridLayout(self.Plot_static)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig1)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig_ntb1)
    # add the dynamic_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout2 = QGridLayout(self.Plot_dynamic)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig2)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig_ntb2)
    self._timer = QTimer(self)
    self._t = 1
    self._counts = []
    self._delay_t = []

静态做图

self.fig1.axes.cla()清除原来的图像,self.fig1.axes.plot(self.t,self.y),通过self.fig1.axes.plot实现做图,不同类型的图形做图参考matplotlib官网。 Matplotlib_examples

@pyqtSlot()
  def on_Static_plot_clicked(self):
    self.plot_cos()
    self._Static_on=1
    #self.Start_plot.setEnabled(False)

  global nc
  nc=1
  def plot_cos(self):
    #print('nc=%d\n' %self.nc)
    global nc
    nc+=1
    self.fig1.axes.cla()
    self.t=np.arange(0,15,0.1)
    self.y=2*nc*self.t-self.t*np.cos(self.t/2/np.pi*1000)
    self.fig1.axes.plot(self.t,self.y)
    self.fig1.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.draw()

动态做图

这里数据接收通过QTimer来延迟时间(隔1s)并通过函数产生计数,append更新数据,做图,刷新图像,self.fig2.draw()实现图像绘制。

@pyqtSlot()
  def on_dynamic_plot_clicked(self):
    print('start dynamic ploting')
    self.Static_plot.setEnabled(False)
    self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(False)
    # start update figure every 1s; flag "update_on" : 1 is on and 0 is Off
    self._update_on = 1
    self._timer.timeout.connect(self.update_fig)
    self._timer.start(1000) # plot after 1s delay

  def update_fig(self):
    self._t+=1
    print(self._t)
    self._delay_t.append(self._t)
    print(self._delay_t)
    #new_counts=random.randint(100,900)
    new_counts= 2 * self._t - self._t * np.cos(self._t / 2 / np.pi * 1000)
    self._counts.append(new_counts)
    print(self._counts)
    self.fig2.axes.cla()
    self.fig2.axes.plot(self._delay_t,self._counts,'-ob')
    self.fig2.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.draw()

改进说明

后续可以通过引入多线程,单独进行数据采集、显示和保存,完善功能。

最终完整代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Module: plot data realtime.
Created on 2020/07/12 by Blog Author VERtiCaL at SSRF
"""

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5 import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication,QMainWindow,QGridLayout
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer,pyqtSlot,QThread
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import sys,random, time,os,re
from Ui_Realtimer_Plot import Ui_MainWindow


# class Myplot for plotting with matplotlib
class Myplot(FigureCanvas):
  def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=3, dpi=100):
    # normalized for 中文显示和负号
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

    # new figure
    self.fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
    # activate figure window
    # super(Plot_dynamic,self).__init__(self.fig)
    FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
    self.setParent(parent)
    #self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self)
    # sub plot by self.axes
    self.axes= self.fig.add_subplot(111)
    # initial figure
    self.compute_initial_figure()

    # size policy
    FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
    FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    pass



# class for plotting a specific figure static or dynamic
class static_fig(Myplot):
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    Myplot.__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)
    y=x*np.sin(x)
    self.axes.plot(x,y)
    self.axes.set_title("signals")
    self.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)")
    self.axes.set_ylabel("counts")


class dynamic_fig(Myplot):
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    Myplot.__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    counts = [1,10]
    delay_t = [0,1]
    self.axes.plot(delay_t,counts,'-ob')
    self.axes.set_title("signals")
    self.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)")
    self.axes.set_ylabel("counts")



# class for the application window
class AppWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
  def __init__(self,parent=None):
    super(AppWindow,self).__init__(parent)
    self.setupUi(self)
    # ^O^ static_fig can changed to any other function
    #self.fig1=static_fig(width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
    self.fig1 = static_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    self.fig2 = dynamic_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    # add NavigationToolbar in the figure (widgets)
    self.fig_ntb1 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig1, self)
    self.fig_ntb2 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig2, self)
    #self.Start_plot.clicked.connect(self.plot_cos)
    # add the static_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout1=QGridLayout(self.Plot_static)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig1)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig_ntb1)
    # add the dynamic_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout2 = QGridLayout(self.Plot_dynamic)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig2)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig_ntb2)
    # initialized flags for static/dynamic plot: on is 1,off is 0
    self._timer = QTimer(self)
    self._t = 1
    self._counts = []
    self._delay_t = []
    self._Static_on=0
    self._update_on=0



  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_Static_plot_clicked(self):
    self.plot_cos()
    self._Static_on=1
    #self.Start_plot.setEnabled(False)

  global nc
  nc=1
  def plot_cos(self):
    #print('nc=%d\n' %self.nc)
    global nc
    nc+=1
    self.fig1.axes.cla()
    self.t=np.arange(0,15,0.1)
    self.y=2*nc*self.t-self.t*np.cos(self.t/2/np.pi*1000)
    self.fig1.axes.plot(self.t,self.y)
    self.fig1.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.draw()

  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_dynamic_plot_clicked(self):
    print('start dynamic ploting')
    self.Static_plot.setEnabled(False)
    self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(False)
    # start update figure every 1s; flag "update_on" : 1 is on and 0 is Off
    self._update_on = 1
    self._timer.timeout.connect(self.update_fig)
    self._timer.start(1000) # plot after 1s delay

  
  
  def update_fig(self):
    self._t+=1
    print(self._t)
    self._delay_t.append(self._t)
    print(self._delay_t)
    #new_counts=random.randint(100,900)
    new_counts= 2 * self._t - self._t * np.cos(self._t / 2 / np.pi * 1000)
    self._counts.append(new_counts)
    print(self._counts)
    self.fig2.axes.cla()
    self.fig2.axes.plot(self._delay_t,self._counts,'-ob')
    self.fig2.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.draw()

  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_End_plot_clicked(self):
    if self._update_on==1:
      self._update_on=0
      self._timer.timeout.disconnect(self.update_fig)
      self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(True)
    else:
      pass

  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_Erase_plot_clicked(self):
    self.fig1.axes.cla()
    self.fig1.draw()
    self.fig2.axes.cla()
    self.fig2.draw()
    if self._update_on==1:
      self._update_on=0
      self._delay_t=[]
      self._counts=[]
      self.fig2.axes.cla()
      self.fig2.draw()
      self._timer.timeout.disconnect(self.update_fig)
      self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(True)
    else:
      pass
    self.Static_plot.setEnabled(True)
    #self.Erase_plot.setEnabled(False)
  

if __name__=="__main__":
  app = QApplication(sys.argv)
  win = AppWindow()
  win.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

到此这篇关于利用PyQt5+Matplotlib 绘制静态/动态图的实现代码的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关PyQt5+Matplotlib静态/动态图内容请搜索三水点靠木以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持三水点靠木!

Python 相关文章推荐
python启动办公软件进程(word、excel、ppt、以及wps的et、wps、wpp)
Apr 09 Python
Python的批量远程管理和部署工具Fabric用法实例
Jan 23 Python
安装dbus-python的简要教程
May 05 Python
Python实现批量修改文件名实例
Jul 08 Python
python使用tkinter实现简单计算器
Jan 30 Python
python pycurl验证basic和digest认证的方法
May 02 Python
Python实现的网页截图功能【PyQt4与selenium组件】
Jul 12 Python
python爬虫开发之urllib模块详细使用方法与实例全解
Mar 09 Python
django之从html页面表单获取输入的数据实例
Mar 16 Python
Python日志:自定义输出字段 json格式输出方式
Apr 27 Python
使用matlab 判断两个矩阵是否相等的实例
May 11 Python
Python3爬虫RedisDump的安装步骤
Feb 20 Python
Python使用itcaht库实现微信自动收发消息功能
Jul 13 #Python
解决Pycharm 中遇到Unresolved reference 'sklearn'的问题
Jul 13 #Python
解决Python中导入自己写的类,被划红线,但不影响执行的问题
Jul 13 #Python
浅析Python 抽象工厂模式的优缺点
Jul 13 #Python
python正则表达式的懒惰匹配和贪婪匹配说明
Jul 13 #Python
浅析Python 简单工厂模式和工厂方法模式的优缺点
Jul 13 #Python
对python中list的五种查找方法说明
Jul 13 #Python
You might like
php file_exists 检查文件或目录是否存在的函数
2010/05/10 PHP
php preg_filter执行一个正则表达式搜索和替换
2012/02/27 PHP
php+xml编程之SimpleXML的应用实例
2015/01/24 PHP
Ajax提交表单时验证码自动验证 php后端验证码检测
2016/07/20 PHP
php简单压缩css样式示例
2016/09/22 PHP
PHP下 Mongodb 连接远程数据库的实例代码
2017/08/30 PHP
Yii框架日志操作图文与实例详解
2019/09/09 PHP
PHP使用递归按层级查找数据的方法
2019/11/10 PHP
JavaScript 动态生成方法的例子
2009/07/22 Javascript
关于Aptana Studio生成自动备份文件的解决办法
2009/12/23 Javascript
JavaScript 类型的包装对象(Typed Wrappers)
2011/10/27 Javascript
Three.js源码阅读笔记(光照部分)
2012/12/27 Javascript
JavaScript中Function()函数的使用教程
2015/06/04 Javascript
Bootstrap开关(switch)控件学习笔记分享
2016/05/30 Javascript
解决jQuery ajax请求在IE6中莫名中断的问题
2016/06/20 Javascript
javascript数组遍历的方法实例分析
2016/09/13 Javascript
require.js 加载过程与使用方法介绍
2018/10/30 Javascript
通过jQuery学习js类型判断的技巧
2019/05/27 jQuery
scrapyd schedule.json setting 传入多个值问题
2019/08/07 Javascript
[01:20]PWL开团时刻DAY9——听说潮汐没用?
2020/11/10 DOTA
Python实现批量下载图片的方法
2015/07/08 Python
详解Python异常处理中的Finally else的功能
2017/12/29 Python
python做量化投资系列之比特币初始配置
2018/01/23 Python
Python安装图文教程 Pycharm安装教程
2018/03/27 Python
Python异常处理操作实例详解
2018/08/28 Python
Pycharm代码无法复制,无法选中删除,无法编辑的解决方法
2018/10/22 Python
使用python serial 获取所有的串口名称的实例
2019/07/02 Python
python实现最大优先队列
2019/08/29 Python
python实现的分析并统计nginx日志数据功能示例
2019/12/21 Python
Django添加bootstrap框架时无法加载静态文件的解决方式
2020/03/27 Python
SmartBuyGlasses中国:唯视良品(销售名牌太阳镜、墨镜和眼镜框)
2017/07/03 全球购物
大学军训感言300字
2014/03/09 职场文书
财政专业大学生职业生涯规划书
2014/09/17 职场文书
2014年小学美术工作总结
2014/12/20 职场文书
出纳岗位职责
2015/01/31 职场文书
道歉的话怎么说
2015/05/12 职场文书