python实现list元素按关键字相加减的方法示例

本文实例讲述了python实现list元素按关键字相加减的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

Python list中的元素按关键字相加或相减：

# coding=utf-8
# 两个list按关键字相加或相减
def ListAdd(list1, list2, bAdd = True):
  if bAdd == False:
    list2 = [(k, -v) for (k, v) in list2]
  d = {}
  list0 = list1 + list2
  for (k, v) in list0:
    d.setdefault(k, 0)   # 设置字典元素初始值
    d[k] += v        # 对字典中的元素按关键字相加
  ret = list(d.items())    # 字典转换成list
  ret = sorted(ret)      # 对list排序
  return ret
if __name__ == '__main__':
  a = [("s1", 10), ("s2", 13), ("s3", 25), ("s7", 30)]
  b = [("s1", 22), ("s3", 16), ("s10", 8)]
  print("a=", a)
  print("b=", b)
  ret1 = ListAdd(a, b)    # ret1 = a + b
  print("ret1=", ret1)
  ret2 = ListAdd(a, b, False) # ret2 = a - b
  print("ret2=", ret2)

运行：

E:\Program\Python>del.py
a= [('s1', 10), ('s2', 13), ('s3', 25), ('s7', 30)]
b= [('s1', 22), ('s3', 16), ('s10', 8)]
ret1= [('s1', 32), ('s10', 8), ('s2', 13), ('s3', 41), ('s7', 30)]
ret2= [('s1', -12), ('s10', -8), ('s2', 13), ('s3', 9), ('s7', 30)]

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。