python 按钮点击关闭窗口的实现

1、简介

1）使用 python 创建主窗口

2）设置标题栏图标，文字

3）设置状态栏图标文字

4）将窗口移动到屏幕中间

2、功能实现

1） QtDesign 实现

就是 先画 ui 然后转python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'untitled.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
  def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
    MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
    MainWindow.resize(800, 600)                     # 设置窗口大小
    self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
    self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
    self.verticalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.verticalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 100, 60)) #设置 按钮位置大小
    self.verticalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("verticalLayoutWidget")
    self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
    self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
    self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
    self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
    self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
    self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.onButtonClick) #绑定按键点击事件
    self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
    MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
    self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
    self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
    MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
    self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
    self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
    MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

    self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

  def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
    self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭窗口"))  # 设置按钮文字

  def onButtonClick(self):
    # sender 是发送信号的对象，此处发送信号的对象是button1按钮
    sender = self.sender()
    print(sender.text() + ' 被按下了')
    qApp = QApplication.instance()
    qApp.quit()    # 关闭窗口

if __name__ == '__main__':
  app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
  MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
  ui = Ui_MainWindow()
  ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
  MainWindow.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

可以设置 按钮位置和大小,但是速度有点慢

2）使用 python 直接写出来

速度快一些，但是还没有掌握怎么设置按钮大小和位置··

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

'''
  【简介】
	PyQT5中主窗口例子
'''

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow , QApplication, QDesktopWidget,QPushButton,QHBoxLayout,QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon


class MainWidget(QMainWindow):
	def __init__(self,parent=None):
		super(MainWidget,self).__init__(parent)
    # 设置主窗体标签
		self.setWindowTitle("QMainWindow 例子") #设置主窗口文字
		self.resize(400, 200)  #设置主窗口大小
		self.status = self.statusBar()  #获取主窗口状态栏
		self.status.showMessage("这是状态栏提示",5000) #设置主窗口状态栏文字
		self.center() # 调用将窗口设置中间函数

		self.button1 = QPushButton('关闭主窗口') 	 #实例化一个 按键
		self.button1.setStyleSheet("background-color: red")  # 设置按钮的风格和颜色
		self.button1.clicked.connect(self.onButtonClick) #绑定按键点击事件

		layout = QHBoxLayout()
		layout.addWidget(self.button1)

		main_frame = QWidget()
		main_frame.setLayout(layout)
		self.setCentralWidget(main_frame)

	def onButtonClick(self ):
    #sender 是发送信号的对象，此处发送信号的对象是button1按钮
		sender = self.sender()
		print( sender.text() + ' 被按下了' )
		qApp = QApplication.instance()
		qApp.quit()

	def center(self):
		screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry() # 获取当前屏幕对象
		size = self.geometry() # 获取窗口尺寸数据
		self.move((screen.width() - size.width()) / 2, (screen.height() - size.height()) / 2) # 根据屏幕尺寸 和 窗口尺寸计算 相应位置

if __name__ == "__main__": 
	app = QApplication(sys.argv)
	app.setWindowIcon(QIcon("./images/cartoon1.ico")) #设置主窗口的图标
	main = MainWidget() #获取主窗口对象
	main.show()
	sys.exit(app.exec_())