Python中使用Tkinter模块创建GUI程序实例

使用Tkinter模块来创建简单的GUI程序。

Tkinter的Widgets有：Button、Canvas、Checkbutton、Entry、Frame、Label、Listbox、Menu、Menubutton、Message、Radiobutton、Scales、Scrollbar、TEXT、Toplevel等。

例：

# This program displays an empty window.

import Tkinter

def main():

  main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  Tkinter.mainloop()

main()

例2：

import Tkinter

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  # Create the main window widget.

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

   

  # Enter the Tkinter main loop.

  Tkinter.mainloop()

# Create an instance of the MyGUI class.

my_gui = MyGUI()

例3：

# The program displays a label with text.

import Tkinter

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  # Create a Label widget containing the text 'Hello world'

  self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window, text='Hello World!')

  # Call the Label widget's pack method.

  self.label.pack()

  # Enter the Tkinter main loop.

  Tkinter.mainloop()

# Create an instance of the MyGUI class.

my_gui = MyGUI()

例4：

import Tkinter

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='Hello World!')

  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='This is my GUI program.')

  self.label1.pack()

  self.label2.pack()

  Tkinter.mainloop()

mygui = MyGUI()

例5：

import Tkinter

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='Hello World!')

  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='This is my GUI program.')

  self.label1.pack(side='left')

  self.label2.pack(side='left')

  Tkinter.mainloop()

mygui = MyGUI()

例6：

import Tkinter

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Winken')

  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Blinken')

  self.label3 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Nod')

   

  self.label1.pack(side='top')

  self.label2.pack(side='top')

  self.label3.pack(side='top')

   

  self.label4 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Winken')

  self.label5 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Blinken')

  self.label6 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Nod')

   

  self.label4.pack(side='left')

  self.label5.pack(side='left')

  self.label6.pack(side='left')

   

  self.top_frame.pack()

  self.bottom_frame.pack()

   

  Tkinter.mainloop()

mygui = MyGUI()

按钮Widget和信息对话框
使用tkMessageBox模块的showinfo函数来显示信息对话框。
例：

# the program demonstrates a Button widget.

# when the user clicks the button, an info dialog box is displayed.

import Tkinter

import tkMessageBox

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.my_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window, text='Click me!',command=self.do_something)

  self.my_button.pack()

  Tkinter.mainloop()

  def do_something(self):

  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Response','Thanks for clicking the button.')

mygui = MyGUI()

例2：

import Tkinter

import tkMessageBox

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.my_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window, text='Click me!',command=self.do_something)

  self.quit_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)

  self.my_button.pack()

  self.quit_button.pack()

  Tkinter.mainloop()

  def do_something(self):

  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Response','Thanks for clicking the button.')

mygui = MyGUI()

用Entry Widget得到输入
Entry Widget是一个矩形区域，用户可输入其中。可使用Entry Widget的get方法取回输入的数据。
例：

import Tkinter

import tkMessageBox

class KiloGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Enter a distance in kilometers:')

  self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self.top_frame,width=10)

  self.button1 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Convert',command=self.convert)

  self.button2 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)

   

  self.label.pack(side='left')

  self.entry.pack(side='left')

  self.button1.pack(side='left')

  self.button2.pack(side='left')

  self.top_frame.pack()

  self.bottom_frame.pack()

   

  Tkinter.mainloop()

  def convert(self):

  kilo = float(self.entry.get())

  miles = kilo*0.6214

  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Result',str(kilo)+' kilometers is equal to '+str(miles)+' miles.')

   

mygui = KiloGUI()

例2：

import Tkinter

import tkMessageBox

class KiloGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.mid_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

   

  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Enter a distance in kilometers:')

  self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self.top_frame,width=10)

   

  self.button1 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Convert',command=self.convert)

  self.button2 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)

   

  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.mid_frame,text='Converted to miles:')

  self.value = Tkinter.StringVar()

  self.label3 = Tkinter.Label(self.mid_frame,textvariable=self.value)

   

  self.label1.pack(side='left')

  self.entry.pack(side='left')

   

  self.button1.pack(side='left')

  self.button2.pack(side='left')

   

  self.label2.pack(side='left')

  self.label3.pack(side='left')

   

  self.top_frame.pack()

  self.mid_frame.pack()

  self.bottom_frame.pack()

   

  Tkinter.mainloop()

  def convert(self):

  kilo = float(self.entry.get())

  miles = kilo*0.6214

  self.value.set(miles)

   

mygui = KiloGUI()

Radio按钮和Check按钮
例：

import Tkinter

import tkMessageBox

class MyGUI:

  def __init__(self):

  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()

  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)

   

  self.radio_var = Tkinter.IntVar()

  self.radio_var.set(1)

  self.rb1 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 1',variable=self.radio_var,value=1)

  self.rb2 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 2',variable=self.radio_var,value=2)

  self.rb3 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 3',variable=self.radio_var,value=3)

   

  self.rb1.pack()

  self.rb2.pack()

  self.rb3.pack()

   

  self.ok_button = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='OK',command=self.show_choice)

  self.quit_button = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='QUIT',command=self.main_window.quit)

   

  self.ok_button.pack(side='left')

  self.quit_button.pack(side='left')

   

  self.top_frame.pack()

  self.bottom_frame.pack()

   

  Tkinter.mainloop()

   

  def show_choice(self):

  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Selection','You selected optioin '+str(self.radio_var.get()))

mygui = MyGUI()