Python绘制3D图形


Posted in Python onMay 03, 2018

3D图形在数据分析、数据建模、图形和图像处理等领域中都有着广泛的应用,下面将给大家介绍一下如何使用python进行3D图形的绘制,包括3D散点、3D表面、3D轮廓、3D直线(曲线)以及3D文字等的绘制。

准备工作:

python中绘制3D图形,依旧使用常用的绘图模块matplotlib,但需要安装mpl_toolkits工具包,安装方法如下:windows命令行进入到python安装目录下的Scripts文件夹下,执行: pip install --upgrade matplotlib即可;linux环境下直接执行该命令。

安装好这个模块后,即可调用mpl_tookits下的mplot3d类进行3D图形的绘制。

下面以实例进行说明。

1、3D表面形状的绘制

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
 
# Make data 
u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100) 
v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 100) 
x = 10 * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v)) 
y = 10 * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v)) 
z = 10 * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v)) 
 
# Plot the surface 
ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, color='b') 
 
plt.show()

球表面,结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

2、3D直线(曲线)的绘制

import matplotlib as mpl 
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') 
theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100) 
z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100) 
r = z**2 + 1 
x = r * np.sin(theta) 
y = r * np.cos(theta) 
ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve') 
ax.legend() 
 
plt.show()

这段代码用于绘制一个螺旋状3D曲线,结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

3、绘制3D轮廓

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from matplotlib import cm 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') 
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05) 
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-100, cmap=cm.coolwarm) 
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='x', offset=-40, cmap=cm.coolwarm) 
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='y', offset=40, cmap=cm.coolwarm) 
 
ax.set_xlabel('X') 
ax.set_xlim(-40, 40) 
ax.set_ylabel('Y') 
ax.set_ylim(-40, 40) 
ax.set_zlabel('Z') 
ax.set_zlim(-100, 100) 
 
plt.show()

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

4、绘制3D直方图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
x, y = np.random.rand(2, 100) * 4 
hist, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(x, y, bins=4, range=[[0, 4], [0, 4]]) 
 
# Construct arrays for the anchor positions of the 16 bars. 
# Note: np.meshgrid gives arrays in (ny, nx) so we use 'F' to flatten xpos, 
# ypos in column-major order. For numpy >= 1.7, we could instead call meshgrid 
# with indexing='ij'. 
xpos, ypos = np.meshgrid(xedges[:-1] + 0.25, yedges[:-1] + 0.25) 
xpos = xpos.flatten('F') 
ypos = ypos.flatten('F') 
zpos = np.zeros_like(xpos) 
 
# Construct arrays with the dimensions for the 16 bars. 
dx = 0.5 * np.ones_like(zpos) 
dy = dx.copy() 
dz = hist.flatten() 
 
ax.bar3d(xpos, ypos, zpos, dx, dy, dz, color='b', zsort='average') 
 
plt.show()

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

5、绘制3D网状线

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
 
# Grab some test data. 
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05) 
 
# Plot a basic wireframe. 
ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10) 
 
plt.show()

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

6、绘制3D三角面片图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
 
 
n_radii = 8 
n_angles = 36 
 
# Make radii and angles spaces (radius r=0 omitted to eliminate duplication). 
radii = np.linspace(0.125, 1.0, n_radii) 
angles = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, n_angles, endpoint=False) 
 
# Repeat all angles for each radius. 
angles = np.repeat(angles[..., np.newaxis], n_radii, axis=1) 
 
# Convert polar (radii, angles) coords to cartesian (x, y) coords. 
# (0, 0) is manually added at this stage, so there will be no duplicate 
# points in the (x, y) plane. 
x = np.append(0, (radii*np.cos(angles)).flatten()) 
y = np.append(0, (radii*np.sin(angles)).flatten()) 
 
# Compute z to make the pringle surface. 
z = np.sin(-x*y) 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') 
 
ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, linewidth=0.2, antialiased=True) 
 
plt.show(

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

7、绘制3D散点图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
 
 
def randrange(n, vmin, vmax): 
 ''''' 
 Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, ) 
 with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax). 
 ''' 
 return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
 
n = 100 
 
# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box 
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh]. 
for c, m, zlow, zhigh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]: 
 xs = randrange(n, 23, 32) 
 ys = randrange(n, 0, 100) 
 zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh) 
 ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m) 
 
ax.set_xlabel('X Label') 
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label') 
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label') 
 
plt.show()

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

8、绘制3D文字

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') 
 
# Demo 1: zdir 
zdirs = (None, 'x', 'y', 'z', (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)) 
xs = (1, 4, 4, 9, 4, 1) 
ys = (2, 5, 8, 10, 1, 2) 
zs = (10, 3, 8, 9, 1, 8) 
 
for zdir, x, y, z in zip(zdirs, xs, ys, zs): 
 label = '(%d, %d, %d), dir=%s' % (x, y, z, zdir) 
 ax.text(x, y, z, label, zdir) 
 
# Demo 2: color 
ax.text(9, 0, 0, "red", color='red') 
 
# Demo 3: text2D 
# Placement 0, 0 would be the bottom left, 1, 1 would be the top right. 
ax.text2D(0.05, 0.95, "2D Text", transform=ax.transAxes) 
 
# Tweaking display region and labels 
ax.set_xlim(0, 10) 
ax.set_ylim(0, 10) 
ax.set_zlim(0, 10) 
ax.set_xlabel('X axis') 
ax.set_ylabel('Y axis') 
ax.set_zlabel('Z axis') 
 
plt.show(

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

9、3D条状图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
for c, z in zip(['r', 'g', 'b', 'y'], [30, 20, 10, 0]): 
 xs = np.arange(20) 
 ys = np.random.rand(20) 
 
 # You can provide either a single color or an array. To demonstrate this, 
 # the first bar of each set will be colored cyan. 
 cs = [c] * len(xs) 
 cs[0] = 'c' 
 ax.bar(xs, ys, zs=z, zdir='y', color=cs, alpha=0.8) 
 
ax.set_xlabel('X') 
ax.set_ylabel('Y') 
ax.set_zlabel('Z') 
 
plt.show()

绘制结果如下:

Python绘制3D图形

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python绘制3D图形,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对三水点靠木网站的支持

Python 相关文章推荐
Python实现对PPT文件进行截图操作的方法
Apr 28 Python
解析Python中的二进制位运算符
May 13 Python
浅谈django中的认证与登录
Oct 31 Python
Python设计模式之代理模式简单示例
Jan 09 Python
纯python实现机器学习之kNN算法示例
Mar 01 Python
Python面向对象思想与应用入门教程【类与对象】
Apr 12 Python
Python分析彩票记录并预测中奖号码过程详解
Jul 09 Python
Django中自定义查询对象的具体使用
Oct 13 Python
Python openpyxl模块原理及用法解析
Jan 19 Python
python实现人机猜拳小游戏
Feb 03 Python
Django的ListView超详细用法(含分页paginate)
May 21 Python
pytorch 如何使用amp进行混合精度训练
May 24 Python
Python学习_几种存取xls/xlsx文件的方法总结
May 03 #Python
Python使用win32 COM实现Excel的写入与保存功能示例
May 03 #Python
python调用xlsxwriter创建xlsx的方法
May 03 #Python
Python基于opencv的图像压缩算法实例分析
May 03 #Python
python实现数据导出到excel的示例--普通格式
May 03 #Python
python操作xlsx文件的包openpyxl实例
May 03 #Python
对Python字符串中的换行符和制表符介绍
May 03 #Python
You might like
PHP中的正规表达式(一)
2006/10/09 PHP
PHP IN_ARRAY 函数使用注意事项
2010/07/24 PHP
php+ajax实现文章自动保存的方法
2014/12/30 PHP
详解Laravel视图间共享数据与视图Composer
2016/08/04 PHP
javascript两段代码,两个小技巧
2010/02/04 Javascript
JavaScript 学习初步 入门教程
2010/03/25 Javascript
js获取TreeView控件选中节点的Text和Value值的方法
2012/11/24 Javascript
jquery获取颜色在ie和ff下的区别示例介绍
2014/03/28 Javascript
js父页面与子页面不同时显示的方法
2014/10/16 Javascript
JS取模、取商及取整运算方法示例
2016/10/13 Javascript
工厂模式在JS中的实践
2017/01/18 Javascript
Node.js命令行/批处理中如何更改Linux用户密码浅析
2018/07/22 Javascript
jQuery实现高级检索功能
2019/05/28 jQuery
ES6 Promise对象的应用实例分析
2019/06/27 Javascript
layui导出所有数据的例子
2019/09/10 Javascript
js实现网页版贪吃蛇游戏
2020/02/22 Javascript
React实现评论的添加和删除
2020/10/20 Javascript
[56:41]2018DOTA2亚洲邀请赛 3.31 小组赛 A组 Newbee vs OG
2018/04/01 DOTA
[02:55]2018DOTA2国际邀请赛勇士令状不朽珍藏Ⅲ饰品一览
2018/08/01 DOTA
python去除文件中空格、Tab及回车的方法
2016/04/12 Python
Python实现好友全头像的拼接实例(推荐)
2017/06/24 Python
python线程池(threadpool)模块使用笔记详解
2017/11/17 Python
python的staticmethod与classmethod实现实例代码
2018/02/11 Python
浅谈python中字典append 到list 后值的改变问题
2018/05/04 Python
使用Python计算玩彩票赢钱概率
2019/06/26 Python
python3.x提取中文的正则表达式示例代码
2019/07/23 Python
PHP如何删除一个Cookie值
2012/11/15 面试题
如何手工释放资源
2013/12/15 面试题
艺术设计专业个人求职信
2013/09/21 职场文书
租赁协议书范本
2014/04/22 职场文书
三问三解心得体会
2014/09/05 职场文书
奥巴马经典演讲稿
2014/09/13 职场文书
2015年化工厂工作总结
2015/05/04 职场文书
2016十一国庆节感言
2015/12/09 职场文书
Python Pandas常用函数方法总结
2021/06/15 Python
python中 Flask Web 表单的使用方法
2022/05/20 Python