编程 Javascript

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码

Posted in Javascript onAugust 16, 2017

将介绍如何用AngularJS构建一个强大的web前端系统。angularjs是由Google团队开发的一款非常优秀web前端框架。在当前如此多的web框架下，AngularJS能脱颖而出，从架构设计上就高人一等，双向数据绑定，依赖注入，指令，MVC，模板。Angular.js创新地把后台技术融入前端开发，扫去jQuery一度的光芒。用angularjs就像写后台代码，更规范，更结构化，更可控。

本文将介绍如何实现多限级导航菜单。

1.静态多级菜单实现

2.动态多级菜单实现

1. 静态多级菜单实现

要实现多级菜单，我们要分两步走，第一步就是把静态菜单的功能实现，通过纯静态的HTML代码完成。第二步，通过Angluarjs进行动态实现，最后把数据和程序分离，通过Ajax加载多级菜单数据。

我们先从静态多级菜单开始动手，一个六级导航菜单是什么样子呢？

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码

如上图所示，我们定义一些功能需求。

1级菜单是导航条上的文字。

当1级菜单导航事件被触发，显示2级菜单导航，在1级菜单的正下方显示。

当2级菜单导航事件被触发，显示3级菜单导航，在2级菜单的右方显示。

当3级菜单导航事件被触发，显示4级菜单导航，在3级菜单的右方显示。

以此类推，不考虑下级菜单显示出界问题。

继续上文中的项目环境，增加一个新HTML文件: page3.html

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>多级导航菜单</title>
 <meta name="description" content="多级导航菜单">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta name="fragment" content="!" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page2">
<div class="container">
 <div class="row" ng-controller="NavbarCtrl">
  <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
   <div class="navbar-header">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >多级菜单导航</a>
   </div>
   <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
     <li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
     <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
     <li class="dropdown">
      <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Multi Level <b class="caret"></b></a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
       <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 1</a></li>
       <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More options</a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
         <li><a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
         </li>
         <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
           <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 3</a>
           </li>
           <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 3</a>
           </li>
           <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
             <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 4</a>
             </li>
             <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 4</a>
             </li>
             <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
              <ul class="dropdown-menu">
               <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 5</a>
               </li>
               <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 5</a>
               </li>
              </ul>
             </li>
            </ul>
           </li>
          </ul>
         </li>
         <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
         </li>
         <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
         </li>
        </ul>
       </li>
       <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 1</a></li>
      </ul>
     </li>
    </ul>
   </div>
  </nav>
 </div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

新建一个css文件：main.css

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\css\main.css
.dropdown:hover .menu-top {
 display: block;
}
.dropdown-submenu{
 position:relative;
}
.dropdown-submenu > .dropdown-menu{
 top:0;
 left:100%;
 margin-top:-6px;
 margin-left:-1px;
 -webkit-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
 -moz-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
 border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > .dropdown-menu{
 display:block;
}
.dropdown-submenu > a:after{
 display:block;
 content:" ";
 float:right;
 width:0;
 height:0;
 border-color:transparent;
 border-style:solid;
 border-width:5px 0 5px 5px;
 border-left-color:#cccccc;
 margin-top:5px;
 margin-right:-10px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > a:after{
 border-left-color:#ffffff;
}
.dropdown-submenu .pull-left{
 float:none;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left > .dropdown-menu{
 left:-100%;
 margin-left:10px;
 -webkit-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
 -moz-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
 border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
}

刷新一下网页，我们能就看到上面的截图的效果，代码参考：http://firdaus.grandexa.com/2013/09/twitter-bootstrap-3-multilevel-dropdown-menu/

通过HTML和CSS就实现了多级菜单的静态展示效果，如果导航菜单不是经常变化，那么用静态的方式，把代码写死就可以了。但有一些场景，菜单是需要动态生成，比如通过权限控制访问链接，每个用户的权限不一样，那么能看到的菜单选项也就不一样，这个时候就需要做成动态的，用程序去控制菜单的加载和展示。

2. 动态多级菜单实现

有了静态多级导航菜单的HTML代码结构，改写成动态的，其实也不太复杂。

我们需要做2件事：

把导航菜单的数据结构化存储，比如存放到文件 nav.json。

用Angularjs的API加载nav.json数据，进行展示。

我们先定义一下导航菜单的数据格式，以JSON格式定义，每个菜单项都有3个属性字段

label: 导航菜单项显示的名字。

link: 导航菜单项的跳转链接，可以不定义。

children: 导航菜单项的子菜单，循环对象存储。

{
 "label": "levelA",
 "link": "#",
 "children": [
  {
   "label": "levelB",
   "link": "#",
   "children": []
  }
 ]
}

下面我们用真实的数据定义导航菜单，以我的金融系统为例。

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码

新建JSON数据文件：nav.json。

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\js\nav.json
[
 {
  "label": "债券",
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "可转债",
    "children": [
     {"label": "可转债溢价率分析","link":"#"},
     {"label": "可转债NS定价","link":"#"},
     {"label": "可转债归因分析","link":"#"},
     {"label": "可转债套利实时监控","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "信用债",
    "children": [
     {"label": "交易所债券监控","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "利率债","link":"#",
    "children": []
   },
   {
    "label": "国债期货",
    "children": [
     {"label": "国债期货表现分析","link":"#"},
     {"label": "国债期货实时套利监控","link":"#"},
     {"label": "IRR历史时间序列查询","link":"#"},
     {"label": "IRR实时监控","link":"#"}
    ]
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "label": "股票",
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "基本面分析",
    "children": [
     {"label": "上市公司基本面数据查看","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "量化选股策略",
    "children": []
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "label": "宏观",
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "宏观数据",
    "children": [
     {"label": "宏观数据概览","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "宏观经济预测",
    "children": []
   },
   {
    "label": "宏观经济和大类资产表现",
    "children": []
   }
  ]
 }
]

我们看到这个导航菜单的数据，有3级，“债券?>可转债?>可转债归因分析”，那么接下我们就直接实现对三级菜单的编程。创建HTML文件page4.html。

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page4.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>多级动态导航菜单</title>
 <meta name="description" content="多级动态导航菜单">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta name="fragment" content="!" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page4">
<div class="container">
 <div class="row" ng-controller="NavbarCtrl">
  <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
   <div class="navbar-header">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="/" rel="external nofollow" >量化投资平台</a>
   </div>
   <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
     <li ng-repeat="a1 in navbar" class="dropdown">
      <a href="?{{ a1.label }}" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">{{ a1.label }} <b class="caret"></b></a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
       <li ng-repeat="a2 in a1.children" class="dropdown-submenu">
        <a tabindex="-1" href="?{{ a2.label }}" rel="external nofollow" >{{ a2.label }}</a>
        <ul ng-show="a2.children.length>0" class="dropdown-menu">
         <li ng-repeat="a3 in a2.children">
          <a href="?{{ a3.label }}" rel="external nofollow" ng-click="go(a3.link)">{{ a3.label }}</a>
         </li>
        </ul>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </li>
    </ul>
   </div>
  </nav>
 </div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

在Angularjs的控制器文件app.js文件中，增加page4的定义。

var page4 = angular.module('page4', ['ui.bootstrap', 'ngRoute']);
page4.config(['$routeProvider', '$locationProvider', '$sceProvider', function ($routeProvider, $locationProvider, $sceProvider) {
 $routeProvider
  .when('/', {controller: 'DemoCtrl'})
  .otherwise({redirectTo: '/'});
 $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
}]);
page4.controller('NavbarCtrl', function ($scope,$http,$location) {
 $http.get("/js/nav.json").success(function(json){
  $scope.navbar = json;
 });
});
page4.controller('DemoCtrl', function () {
 // nothing
});

查看一下显示效果，与上面的截图类似。

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码

文章到这里就结束了，已经实现了我的功能需求。但这个话题还有很多可以优化的地方，比如实现无限级的导航菜单，菜单的展示样式替换，展示区间的控制，鼠标动作事件，封装成Angularjs的插件开源项目等。有兴趣的同学，可以我的程序的基础上继续努力，做出优秀的开源项目来。

代码已上传到github：https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar，同学可以根据需要自行下载，也可以直接通过命令下载代码。

git clone https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar.git
cd angular-navbar
bower install
anywhere

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对三水点靠木网站的支持！

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多级导航菜单的实现代码

- Author -

灰暗角落里的琴

声明：登载此文出于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其描述。

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