PHP管理依赖(dependency)关系工具 Composer 安装与使用


Posted in PHP onAugust 18, 2014

PHP Composer 安装

系统需求:

Composer 需要PHP5.3.2+ 以上的环境来运行。有几个敏感的PHP设置和编译标志也是必需的,但安装程序会发出警告当存在任何不兼容的情况。

比如PHP的扩展的要求是,安装或重新编译php without ?disable-phar

为了从源地址安装软件包,而不是简单的压缩文件包,您将需要安装软件包的版本控制工具,比如git、svn或hg等。

Composer 是兼容多平台的,其运行适用于Windows,Linux和OSX。

安装失败的错误消息:

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | PHP 
#!/usr/bin/env php 
some settings on your machine make Composer unable to work properly. 
Make sure that you fix the issues listed below and run this script again:

The phar extension is missing. 
Install it or recompile php without ?disable-phar

Your PHP (5.2.9) is too old, you must upgrade to PHP 5.3.2 or higher.

我的本地默认开发环境是PHP 5.2.9,当我尝试在PHP 5.2.9上安装时,提示版本过低,需要升级到PHP 5.3.2 或者更高的版本。

于是我下载XAMPP 1.7.7 usb lite 版本。

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php53>E:\USB\xampp_177\php\php.exe -v 
PHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Aug 23 2011 11:50:20) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP Group 
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies

XAMPP 1.7.7 下的PHP环境是5.3.8。确认我的PHP环境大于等于PHP5.3.2后。

PHP 5.3 安装 Composer

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php53>curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | E:\USB\xampp_177\php\php.exe 
#!/usr/bin/env php 
Some settings on your machine may cause stability issues with Composer. 
If you encounter issues, try to change the following:

The openssl extension is missing, which will reduce the security and stability o 
f Composer. 
If possible you should enable it or recompile php with ?with-openssl

Downloading…

Composer successfully installed to: E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php53\composer.phar 
Use it: php composer.phar

注意:

我关闭了XAMPP 1.7.7 Apache的SSL模块,所以Composer提示我警告,为了安全因素建议我开启SSL模块。不开启也不影响使用。
安装时的参数 | PHP,一定要更改为真实的PHP环境路径,比如 | E:\USB\xampp_177\php\php.exe
使用Composer为PHP路径 + 命令,在我们安装的环境中,使用方法为:E:\USB\xampp_177\php/php.exe composer.phar 命令。
我安装的环境是在Windows下,如果在Linux下,而PHP 5.3 环境也不在默认PHP命令下时,应该采用 | /usr/php/53/usr/bin/php,例如:

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | /usr/php/53/usr/bin/php

安装完成后,检查安装版本。

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php53>E:\USB\xampp_177\php/php.exe composer.phar -V 
Composer version 0209bd31a0ac3aeb2a68fc81e2d03c71072bef33

检查PHP Composer命令:

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php53>E:\USB\xampp_177\php/php.exe composer.phar 
  ______ 
 / ____/___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ________ _____ 
/ /  / __ \/ __ `__ \/ __ \/ __ \/ ___/ _ \/ ___/ 
/ /___/ /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / /_/ (__ ) __/ / 
\____/\____/_/ /_/ /_/ .___/\____/____/\___/_/ 
          /_/ 
Composer version 0209bd31a0ac3aeb2a68fc81e2d03c71072bef33

Usage: 
 [options] command [arguments]

Options: 
 ?help      -h Display this help message. 
 ?quiet     -q Do not output any message. 
 ?verbose    -v Increase verbosity of messages. 
 ?version    -V Display this application version. 
 ?ansi       Force ANSI output. 
 ?no-ansi      Disable ANSI output. 
 ?no-interaction -n Do not ask any interactive question. 
 ?profile      Display timing and memory usage information 
 ?working-dir  -d If specified, use the given directory as working directory 
.

Available commands: 
 about      Short information about Composer 
 archive     Create an archive of this composer package 
 config      Set config options 
 create-project  Create new project from a package into given directory. 
 depends     Shows which packages depend on the given package 
 diagnose     Diagnoses the system to identify common errors. 
 dump-autoload  Dumps the autoloader 
 dumpautoload   Dumps the autoloader 
 help       Displays help for a command 
 init       Creates a basic composer.json file in current directory. 
 install     Installs the project dependencies from the composer.lock file 
if present, or falls back on the composer.json. 
 list       Lists commands 
 require     Adds required packages to your composer.json and installs the 
m 
 run-script    Run the scripts defined in composer.json. 
 search      Search for packages 
 self-update   Updates composer.phar to the latest version. 
 selfupdate    Updates composer.phar to the latest version. 
 show       Show information about packages 
 status      Show a list of locally modified packages 
 update      Updates your dependencies to the latest version according to 
composer.json, and updates the composer.lock file. 
 validate     Validates a composer.json

这样我们在PHP5.3环境下的Composer已经安装完成。

类似的方法我们也可以安装PHP 5.4的环境上。

PHP 5.4 安装 Composer

下载XAMPP 1.8.1 usb lite 版本,将得到PHP5.4.7环境。

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php53>E:\USB\xampp_181\php\php.exe -v 
PHP 5.4.7 (cli) (built: Sep 12 2012 23:48:31) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group 
Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies

确定版本高于PHP 5.3.2 后,开始安装:

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php54>curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | E:\USB\xampp_181\php\php.exe 
#!/usr/bin/env php 
Some settings on your machine may cause stability issues with Composer. 
If you encounter issues, try to change the following:

The openssl extension is missing, which will reduce the security and stability o 
f Composer. 
If possible you should enable it or recompile php with ?with-openssl

Downloading…

Composer successfully installed to: E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php54\composer.phar 
Use it: php composer.phar

安装完成后,检查安装版本。

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php54>E:\USB\xampp_181\php/php.exe composer.phar -V 
Composer version 0209bd31a0ac3aeb2a68fc81e2d03c71072bef33

这样,PHP 5.4 环境下的Composer也安装成功了。

PHP Composer 使用

这里我只简单演示使用PHP Composer安装Symfony框架。

首先大概讲解一下命令的标准格式:

php composer.phar create-project symfony/framework-standard-edition path/ 2.2.1

第一个参数PHP为本地PHP开发环境,指向PHP运行命令。
第二个参数,为composer.phar方式下载。
第三个参数,为动作命令,例如create-project,目的是为了创建一个新的项目从一个软件包到指定目录。
第四个参数,为本地安装的目录。
第五个参数,为安装软件包的版本。

根据上述我们在PHP5.4环境下安装的Composer,我们的安装命令为:

E:\USB\Dropbox\phpstorm\php54>E:\USB\xampp_181\php/php.exe composer.phar create-project symfony/framework-standard-edition E:\USB\xampp_181\htdocs\Symfony 2.2.1

安装结果:

Installing symfony/framework-standard-edition (v2.2.1) 
 ? Installing symfony/framework-standard-edition (v2.2.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
Created project in E:\USB\xampp_181\htdocs\Symfony 
Loading composer repositories with package information 
Installing dependencies from lock file 
 ? Installing doctrine/lexer (v1.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/annotations (v1.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/cache (v1.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/collections (v1.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing twig/twig (v1.12.2) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing psr/log (1.0.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/inflector (v1.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/common (2.4.0-RC1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing symfony/symfony (v2.2.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jdorn/sql-formatter (v1.2.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/dbal (2.3.3) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/doctrine-bundle (v1.2.0-beta1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing doctrine/orm (2.3.3) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jms/cg (1.0.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing phpoption/phpoption (1.2.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jms/parser-lib (1.0.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jms/metadata (1.3.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jms/aop-bundle (1.0.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jms/di-extra-bundle (1.3.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing jms/security-extra-bundle (1.4.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing sensio/distribution-bundle (v2.2.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing sensio/framework-extra-bundle (v2.2.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing sensio/generator-bundle (v2.2.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing kriswallsmith/assetic (v1.1.0-alpha4) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing symfony/assetic-bundle (v2.1.2) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing monolog/monolog (1.4.1) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing symfony/monolog-bundle (v2.2.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing swiftmailer/swiftmailer (v4.3.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing symfony/swiftmailer-bundle (v2.2.0) 
  Downloading: 100%
 ? Installing twig/extensions (v1.0.0) 
  Downloading: 100%

kriswallsmith/assetic suggests installing leafo/lessphp (Assetic provides the integration with the lessphp LESS compiler) 
kriswallsmith/assetic suggests installing leafo/scssphp (Assetic provides the integration with the scssphp SCSS compiler) 
kriswallsmith/assetic suggests installing leafo/scssphp-compass (Assetic provides the integration with the SCSS compass plugin) 
kriswallsmith/assetic suggests installing ptachoire/cssembed (Assetic provides the integration with phpcssembed to embed data uris) 
monolog/monolog suggests installing doctrine/couchdb (Allow sending log messages to a CouchDB server) 
monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-amqp (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server (1.0+ required)) 
monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-mongo (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server) 
monolog/monolog suggests installing mlehner/gelf-php (Allow sending log messages to a GrayLog2 server) 
monolog/monolog suggests installing raven/raven (Allow sending log messages to a Sentry server) 
Generating autoload files 
Clearing the cache for the dev environment with debug true 
Installing assets using the hard copy option 
Installing assets for Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle into web/bundles/framework 
Installing assets for Acme\DemoBundle into web/bundles/acmedemo 
Installing assets for Sensio\Bundle\DistributionBundle into web/bundles/sensiodistribution

从命令行结果,我们看到了整个Symfony框架的安装过程与结果。

PHP Composer 定义依赖关系

Composer在使用时会自动寻找composer.json这个文件。 composer.json将用来定义整个项目的依赖包。例如:

{ 
  "require": { 
    "monolog/monolog": "1.2.*" 
  } 
}

依赖包简单的说明,我们的项目需要一些从1.2开始的任何版本的monolog/monolog包。

Composer是PHP中的一个依赖关系管理工具。通过Composer我们可以在发布软件时节省大量的文件数目和控制依赖包的版本。

PHP Composer 项目

Composer 项目官方:http://getcomposer.org

Composer Github项目:https://github.com/composer/composer

PHP Composer软件包列表:https://packagist.org/

PHP 相关文章推荐
php读取3389的脚本
May 06 PHP
smarty内置函数config_load用法实例
Jan 22 PHP
PHP获取ip对应地区和使用网络类型的方法
Mar 11 PHP
Codeigniter发送邮件的方法
Mar 19 PHP
PHP代码判断设备是手机还是平板电脑(两种方法)
Oct 19 PHP
PHP中对数组的一些常用的增、删、插操作函数总结
Nov 27 PHP
PHP文件缓存smarty模板应用实例分析
Feb 26 PHP
php usort 使用用户自定义的比较函数对二维数组中的值进行排序
May 02 PHP
PHP实现简单的模板引擎功能示例
Sep 02 PHP
阿里云Win2016安装Apache和PHP环境图文教程
Mar 11 PHP
Laravel框架集合用法实例浅析
May 14 PHP
php访问对象中的成员的实例方法
Nov 17 PHP
PHP中使用asort进行中文排序失效的问题处理
Aug 18 #PHP
PHP中的排序函数sort、asort、rsort、krsort、ksort区别分析
Aug 18 #PHP
PHP命名空间(namespace)的动态访问及使用技巧
Aug 18 #PHP
PHP命名空间(namespace)的使用基础及示例
Aug 18 #PHP
mac环境中使用brew安装php5.5.15
Aug 18 #PHP
PHP 正则表达式常用函数
Aug 17 #PHP
PHP常用正则表达式集锦
Aug 17 #PHP
You might like
PHP最常用的ini函数分析 针对PHP.ini配置文件
2010/04/22 PHP
PHP解密Unicode及Escape加密字符串
2015/05/17 PHP
PHP图像裁剪缩略裁切类源码及使用方法
2016/01/07 PHP
原生JS实现Ajax通过POST方式与PHP进行交互的方法示例
2018/05/12 PHP
Laravel框架Eloquent ORM简介、模型建立及查询数据操作详解
2019/12/04 PHP
javascript 树控件 比较好用
2009/06/11 Javascript
js实现一个省市区三级联动选择框代码分享
2013/03/06 Javascript
深入理解JavaScript系列(50):Function模式(下篇)
2015/03/04 Javascript
JQuery插件ajaxfileupload.js异步上传文件实例
2015/05/19 Javascript
JS读写CSS样式的方法汇总
2016/08/16 Javascript
switch语句的妙用(必看篇)
2016/10/03 Javascript
JavaScript基础——使用Canvas绘图
2016/11/02 Javascript
js闭包用法实例详解
2016/12/13 Javascript
微信小程序 textarea 组件详解及简单实例
2017/01/10 Javascript
Javascript中字符串和数字的操作方法整理
2017/01/22 Javascript
Vue插件写、用详解(附demo)
2017/03/20 Javascript
Express+Nodejs 下的登录拦截实现代码
2017/07/01 NodeJs
微信小程序movable view移动图片和双指缩放实例代码
2017/08/08 Javascript
Angular5.1新功能分享
2017/12/21 Javascript
基于js 各种排序方法和sort方法的区别(详解)
2018/01/03 Javascript
微信小程序模拟cookie的实现
2018/06/20 Javascript
详解Vue组件插槽的使用以及调用组件内的方法
2018/11/13 Javascript
vue实现记事本功能
2019/06/26 Javascript
vue中axios的二次封装实例讲解
2019/10/14 Javascript
vue 遮罩层阻止默认滚动事件操作
2020/07/28 Javascript
Python变量和数据类型详解
2017/02/15 Python
Window10+Python3.5安装opencv的教程推荐
2018/04/02 Python
Python requests设置代理的方法步骤
2020/02/23 Python
零基础学Python之前需要学c语言吗
2020/07/21 Python
德国宠物用品、宠物食品及水族馆网上商店:ZooRoyal
2017/07/09 全球购物
GafasWorld哥伦比亚:网上购买眼镜
2017/11/28 全球购物
什么是View State?
2013/01/27 面试题
如何用Java判断一个文件或目录是否存在
2012/11/19 面试题
汽车销售员如何做职业生涯规划
2014/02/16 职场文书
外贸业务员求职信
2014/06/16 职场文书
信用卡结清证明怎么写
2014/09/13 职场文书